1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction1.1Background of the research Test for English Majors-Band 8 (TEM-8) has been sponsored by The National Administry Committee on Teaching English Language to Majors in Higher Education under The Ministry of Education since 1991. It is an English proficiency test for senior students majoring in English and related majors in China. In terms of English proficiency certificates, tem-8 is the highest level within the scope of the domestic examination. TEM-8 consists of five sections: listening comprehension, proof reading and error correction, reading comprehension, translation, and writing. Among them, reading comprehension section accounts for 30% of the total score, the highest proportion among the five sections. Therefore, researchers have long explored the teaching of English reading for English majors. Textbooks play an essential role in ensuring teaching quality in college and university English education. It i

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）IntroductionAs we all know, during the whole process of foreign language learning, vocabulary learning plays an extremely significant role. It is one of the essential components of a language is the unity of meaning and structure in the language system. One of the main difficulties for those EFL learners who want to achieve effective communication is the amount of words they need to acquire. Vocabulary size directly influences L2 learners mastery and application of the four basic English skillslistening, speaking, reading and writing. So far much research has done on incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition in the field of reading(Gai, 2003; Huang, 2004; Hulstijin Laufer, 2001). But little has been done on the effect of task type on EFL learners single word acquisition. This study is aimed to apply the involvement load hypothesis to investigate the two typesmultiple choice and cloze affect EFL learners incidental single word acqu

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献） 1. Introduction English is one of the world#8217;s common language and an important tool for international communication. As we all know, English study consists of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Among them, listening comprehension plays a critical part, which takes up as much as 50% of our daily communication. Furthermore, it is the main channel of classroom instruction and the most widely used language skill both at work and at home. Gradually, a growing number of teachers and students pay much attention to improve their listening ability on account of the importance of listening comprehension. According to the previous researches, there exist some factors which influence English listening comprehension, for example, vocabulary, speed, accent and so on. This research will mainly focus on the effects of accents and difficulty levels on English learners#8217; listening comprehension. 1.1 Need for the

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）Study on Correlation between Metacognitive Awareness and Listening Competence 元认知意识与听力能力的相关性研究 1. Introduction Metacognition has been regarded as an important role in academic learning (Borkowski, 1996) and language learning (Victori amp; Lockhart, 1995; Wenden, 1991). It is also recognized to be a predictor of learning (Van Hout-Wolters, Veenman, amp; Afflerbach, 2006). Despite the fact that metacognition is important to learning, its position in foreign language learning has only been confirmed in recent two decades (Cross, 2010; Goh, 1997; Vandergrift amp; Tafaghodtari, 2010). Empirical studies that support the efficacy of instruction that raises learners#8217; awareness of listening process through strategy training are becoming more and more (Cross, 2001; Liu amp; Goh, 2006; Vandergrift amp; Tafaghodtari, 2010). L2 listening is an cognitive, interactive process, which involves neurological,

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）文 献 综 述1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundConstructing a solid foundation of vocabulary is essential to any stage of language acquisition. Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed (Wilkins, 1972). An important stage that determines the success of vocabulary learning is the "presentation" stage. The presentation of vocabulary is the process of introducing and displaying the target vocabulary to learners in a certain way. It involves the form, sound, meaning, collocation, syntactic features and semantic features (Liu showing word cards and reading, and EFL learners mechanical imitation. However, this method always leads to the low learning efficiency.Previous studies have indicates that reading materials and listening materials both have remarkable effects on learning vocabulary. There are many words that EFL learners can learn and accumulate from reading and listening m

1. 研究目的与意义 近年来，国内IC产业发展迅猛，国家在集成电路（IC）产业也大力扶持，近十年以来国内半导体企业在产品研发、技术创新方面取得了长足发展，半导体行业研发投入持续增长，半导体的高速发展必然会推动其测试技术的发展，从分立器件到简单的模拟芯片，从低频模拟器件到混合信号芯片，再到RF，到SOC器件，这每一次的芯片发展都给测试带来了巨大的挑战，测试的挑战不仅仅在于可以满足参数的测试，更重要的在于能否精准的，高效的，低成本的把测试解决。测试环节的成本是决定什么参数需要被测试以及以何种方式满足这些测试要求的唯一的最重要的因素，测试成本在器件总的制造成本和市场销售中占了很大的比重。例如同一款芯片只是进行简单的基本参数测试，没有其他方面的测试，那么在市场上的售价可能就是几毛钱�

全文总字数：3955字1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） 1. 目的及意义 随着信息技术全球化的深入发展，我国的软件产业将不可避免地融入全球软件产业。一方面，更多地大型跨国软件公司加大对中国市场的投入，对产品和服务本地化的需求快速增加。另一方面，越来越多地国内大型软件公司正加速国际化发展的步伐，它们逐步走出国门，加入全球竞争行列。软件质量表示软件符合用户使用要求的程度，这种程度不仅表现在软件产品自身的功能性和性能方面，也表现在软件的国际化和本地化能力等方面。软件企业只有提高软件质量，不断改进质量管理的方法和流程，提供具有符合国际市场和用户要求的高质量软件产品，才能具备进军国际市场的实力。提高软件测试在软件生命周期中的地位是保证软件质量的关键，做好软件测试工作是解决软件质量问�

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction As a significant language output, writing accounts for the largest proportion of TEM-4, which covers 25% of the total exam points. Judging from the statistical result of the previous TEM-4, the writing scores are generally unsatisfactory. Even for a famous school like Fudan University, the scores of the candidates are relatively low. This illustrates that English major students#8217; English writing level has yet to be further improved. Zheng Xiaoxia (2006) found that the weakness of students#8217; writing included a large number of grammatical errors, lack of diversion in sentence patterns, being short of consistency, unclear main idea and loss of logic. Solving these problems will cost students a lot of time and energy with little effect. Annett (1969) proposed that timely and effective feedback played an important role in improving writing level. In process approach, feedback can efficiently help to impro

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundLanguage, an irreplaceable tool in daily lives, plays an intrinsic role in communication. With the increasingly faster pace of the whole society, English is becoming more and more omnipresent no matter where we are and what we are doing, ranging from trawling information online to cross-cultural communication. However, for some EFL learners, how to speak English fluently becomes a conundrum. In China, nowadays there still exist mountains of questions getting students, teachers and researchers anxious and worried. For oral English, empirical studies mainly concern oral abilities, including accuracy, fluency and complexity, and theorical studies largely comprises oral ability developments patterns that form the potent basis for fluency research (Wang Zhou, 2004). Thus, China has seen great strides in fluency investigation. When measuring fluency, researchers have to tackle performance varia

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）First of all, I will list some definitions of collocation raised by some famous linguists briefly.About fifty years ago, the father of collocation study, J. R. Firth (1957), firstly raised collocation as a linguistic term in discussion. In his opinion, collocation can be generally summed up by four items. To begin with, collocation is the company words that keep their relationships with other words. Secondly, collocation is a kind of meaning style. Thirdly, it is mutual expectation and mutual prediction of each company word in habitual collocation. To some extent, Michael Lewis (2000) held the similar ideas to this aspect. He suggested that collocation is common combination of words or the way words combined in predictable ways. This explanation is also approved by Halliday and Cowie. According to the above opinions, we can know that collocation emphasizes the way words co-occur predictably. Last but not least, colligation is