1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction Listening is a crucial language skill and it plays a vital role in the language acquisition process. Listening comprehension is a complicated cognitive process that acquires a large amount of effort especially in a foreign language learning process. Therefore, its development is of prime concern to EFL learners and language teachers. Recently, with the advances in multimedia technology, audiovisual materials (TV programs, movies, video, etc.) have been promoted and exploited as abundant language learning resources. These multimedia environments have not only helped to make instructional materials more authentic, but also offered listening support by means of a ”technological overlay” (Robin. 2007, P.109), such as scripts and on-screen text. One special type of on-screen text is captioning, referred to unilingual or multilingual subtitling. Researchers have gained inspiring results concerning the effectiv

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）1, research status With the development of economy, automobiles have become one of the most important modes of transportation in today's society. The phenomenon that comes along with them is people's attention to the dynamics, economy, safety and comfort of automobiles. The function of the automobile brake system is to make the car run at proper deceleration until it stops; when driving downhill, the car is kept at an appropriate stable speed; the car is reliably parked in place or on a slope. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the various performances of the brake control mechanism and the brake actuator, and then design the brake of the automobile to meet the requirements for safe driving of the vehicle. According to the relevant information, in the accident caused by the vehicle's own problems, the accident caused by the failure of the brake system is 45% of the total. It can be seen that the brake is an extremely important syst

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） 1.1 Purpose and significance Thelongitudinal performances and fuel efficiency are important indicators of a vehicle’sperformance. The longitudinal performances are composed of: maximum speed,acceleration time and maximum gradeability, fuel efficiency indicatorsincluding constant speed fuel consumption per 100 km and cycle fuelconsumption. The longitudinal performances are the basic usability of vehicles,they are the most basic type of performance indicators, as well as the mostvalued performances indicators of the customer. Automobile belongs totransportation tools of high efficiency, and its efficiency depends on itslongitudinal performance at a certain extent. Automotive industry is becomingone of the pillar industry of China as it has developed fast in recent years.Further research aiming at longitudinal performance is the basic of designingsafe vehicles, therefore these researches are necessary towards the developmentof automotive indus

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）文 献 综 述 随着信息时代的来临，人类的生活越来越趋于网络化，人类已经有许多生活离不开网络了，越来越多的企业在信息化的潮流下建立了自己的网站，企业通过网站可以展示产品，发布最新动态信息，与用户进行交流和沟通，与合作伙伴建立联系。一些目光长远的企业家发现了网站里面的商机，从此，电子商务在中国开始流行起来。 那么，什么是电子商务呢？电子商务通常是指是在全球各地广泛的商业贸易活动中，在因特网开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器应用方式，买卖双方不谋面地进行各种商贸活动，实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易和在线电子支付以及各种商务活动、交易活动、金融活动和相关的综合服务活动的一种新型的商业运营模式。电子商务是利用微电脑技术和�

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献） Effects of Word Concreteness and Exercise Types on EFL Vocabulary Acquisition 词汇具体性和练习类型对英语学习者词汇习得 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the research Vocabulary acquisition is of great significance in EFL learning, yet a big headache for EFL learners. Vocabulary to English listening, speaking, reading and writing is what bricks to the building. Bricks are concrete and touchable; therefore, it#8217;s worthy of delving into the effect of word concreteness on vocabulary acquisition. Also some researchers (Hamilton M. amp; Rajaram S., 2001) proposed that better memory for concrete nouns than abstract nouns. Also many researches (Yu Yuxiu, 2014) show that the more frequently a word appears the deeper it will be kept in your mind. The frequency of learning words has two typical exercise types, one is spaced distribution and another is massed distribution. However, word concreteness mayb

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundReading is widely recognized as an indispensable skill for achieving academic success, no matter which language media, first or second language (e.g. Johns, 1981; Snow, Burns Rosenfeld, Leung Carrell, Devine Qian, 2002; 2006). In relation to language testing, it is also one of the fundamental concerns for developing the content of a reading test. In line with the requirements of the syllabus, we will explore the relationship of lexical complexity between English reading textbooks and TEM-4 Reading comprehension texts.Lexical complexity reflects the diversity and maturity of learners language output, which is one of the important representations of learners language development. In previous studies, researchers mostly focused on the lexical complexity of the writing part. For example, Bao (2011) uses candidates essays from different schools for TEM-4 and TEM-8 as a corpus to explore the

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）Investigating the Relationship between English Majors Metacognition and Their Listening Proficiency英语专业学生元认知意识与听力水平的关系研究Investigating the Relationship between English Majors Metacognition and Their Listening Proficiency英语专业学生元认知意识与听力水平的关系研究1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundWith the development of society,English plays a crucial role in communication. People have high expectations for college students' English ability,especially listening and speaking ability.Listening is the core skill of second language learning. Moreover,with the deepening of research,a large number of researchers have found that meta-cognition plays an important role in listening(Yu Goh etc, 2002).On the one hand,through relevant empirical studies,Vanderift(2002, 2003, 2005) had explored the influence of improving metacognitive awareness on learners' listening ability a

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1.Introduction1.1Research backgroundAccording to Lewis (1993) and other scholars, vocabulary acquisition is the central task of second language acquisition, and no language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating can be separated from vocabulary. Nagy, Heman vocabulary acquisition occurs incidentally when they are reading extensively. A large amount of vocabulary, grammar and cultural knowledge will accrue to language learners from reading. Therefore reading plays a significant role in the process of vocabulary acquisition.In fact, for the majority of Chinese EFL learners, English vocabulary is one of their most concerned problems in English learning. They have invested a great quantity of time and energy on vocabulary, but the result is far from satisfied. A large number of unknown words that make it difficult for students to get the main idea or specific details of a text. Over the past few deca

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献） The Relationship Between Meta-cognitive Strategies and EFL Reading 元认知策略与英语阅读之间的关系 Introduction Meta-cognitive strategies ability is closely related to an EFL learner#8217;s reading ability. So far much research has done on the improvement of EFL reading (Anat Zohar, 1980; J Pelletier, 2006; XU Li-Hua, 2014). But little has been done on the relationship between meta-cognitive strategies and overall reading ability. This study is aimed to make a learn about the relationship between meta-cognitive strategies and EFL reading output among different EFL learners in order to unearth the relativity and diversity. The motives of the study is the relationship between meta-cognitive strategies and EFL reading. Meta-cognitive strategies refers to methods used to help students understand the way they learn; in other words, it means processes designed for students to think about their mind. The

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）The Effects of Video Caption Modes on English Listening comprehension 视频字幕模式对英语听力理解的影响 2. Literature Review 2. Literature Review 2.1 Definition of Caption For the purpose of this research, it is necessary to distinguish subtitles from captions. Subtitles mean on-screen text in the learners#8217; native language combined with a second language soundtrack while captions refer to on-screen text in a given language combined with a soundtrack in the same language. In present study, the term captions will be used throughout in order to avoid repetition and avert confusing label changes. 2.2 Captions and Listening Comprehension Captioning was used in foreign language instruction for the first time in the 1980s. The aim was to increase learners#8217; motivation, decrease the confusion and anxiety, help learners understand what was heard. (Burger, 1989; Froehlich, 1988; Vander plank, 1988). With