1. 研究目的与意义当今社会,课堂学习是学生学习知识的重要方法,而考试则是检验学生学习成果的重要方式。一次传统的考试，需要老师从各大题库和书籍中选取题目，再经过修改拼接算分等一系列步骤才能完成一张完整的考卷。考卷出好后还需要印刷试卷、安排考场、评改试卷、分析试卷等一系列后续工作。一位老师教一门课不可能只有一次，所以下一次再遇到考试时又需要重复的出卷、印卷、改卷，浪费了很多时间和精力，消耗了大量人力物力，随着考试类型的不断增加及考试要求的不断提高，教师的工作量将会越来越大，可以说传统的考试出题方式已经不能很好地满足现代考试的需要，所以拥有一个方便快捷的在线考试系统是十分必要的。老师可以事先在考试系统中录入平时在书中发现的优秀题目，在考试时根据考试的性质、分值由系统随�

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） 1.1 The purpose and significance of the electric design 1.1.1 Electric wheel design The early development of electric vehicles is very rapid. The world's first electric car was born in 1834 years, than the first car engine vehicle early more than half a century. Then, the world's first rechargeable battery powered electric cars appeared in France in 1881. The early stage of development of electric vehicles is from 1895 to 1911, during this period, due to internal combustion engine technology is not mature enough, the electric car price has more than internal combustion engine; and the steam car in a water, its mileage is not first rechargeable electric vehicles after the long driving range. Therefore, at the time, popularization and development of electric vehicles is much faster than the internal combustion engines and steam cars, so it occupies 1/3 share of the car market, car in 1900 cases of America's total holdings of electric vehicles

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） Vehicle transmission is used to coordinate the engine speed and the actual speed of the wheel. It can change the engine output speed and torque to adapt to different working conditions in the process of driving, and make the engine work in the best state. Therefore, the transmission is an important device of automobile. The performance of the transmission will affect the comfort, fuel economy and power performance of the whole vehicle. [1-3] With the development of automobile industry, transmission in China is in a period of high-speed development, and has occupied a dominant position in the field of mechanical transmission. But in the field of automatic transmission with higher level of design, manufacture and technology, our country is still in a backward period. At present, the proportion of automatic transmission used in high-end vehicles is as high as 90% in the world. The proportion of automatic transmission used in middle-grade and midd

全文总字数：7531字1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） Vehicle transmission is used to coordinate the engine speed and the actual speed of the wheel. It can change the engine output speed and torque to adapt to different working conditions in the process of driving, and make the engine work in the best state. Therefore, the transmission is an important device of automobile. The performance of the transmission will affect the comfort, fuel economy and power performance of the whole vehicle. [1-3] With the development of automobile industry, transmission in China is in a period of high-speed development, and has occupied a dominant position in the field of mechanical transmission. But in the field of automatic transmission with higher level of design, manufacture and technology, our country is still in a backward period. At present, the proportion of automatic transmission used in high-end vehicles is as high as 90% in the world. The proportion of automatic transmission used

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundNowadays, with the prevalence of English, reading in English has become one of the necessary abilities of students. Therefore, reading comprehension has become an indispensable part in various English tests. There are many factors correlated with reading comprehension, such as strategy knowledge, reading speed, and vocabulary (Muijselaar Ye, 2005), background knowledge (Chou, 2011), syntactic awareness or metacognitive awareness (Nergis, 2013) and so on. Since it is impossible to study all the factors once, it is reasonable to choose two factors to make a comparison on their predictive effects on reading comprehension.Among these factors, having a pervasive and copious vocabulary is the prerequisite of language acquisition, no matter what language is (Folse, 2004). The knowledge of word meanings and the ability to access the knowledge efficiently are recognized as an essential factor in r

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） The theory ofIconicity, as a feverish topic in the academic circle nowadays, is beingexplored heatedly in cognitive linguistics. Iconicity can be revealed at alllevels of language. So it is of great significance for the analysis of literarywork and the study of translation. What’s more, it can be very instructive tothe teaching of English. In fact, iconicitydeveloped very slowly. It hasn’t made much progress until R. Jakobson (1965)challenged arbitrariness in the essay Questfor the language of essence for the first time. Throughout history,arbitrariness has been considered as one of the most distinguished features oflanguage. Saussure (1857-1913) is a famous linguistic who established amilestone in the exploration of iconicity of language. He put forward thistheory, asserted that there was no interrelationship between the signifier and signifiedor such relation cannot be testified. That’s to say, they are casual andconventional. However,

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）Validierungsanalyse der TestDaF Prfung und die Anregungen fr chinesische Deutschlerner德福试题效度研究及对中国德语学习者的启示EinleitungAufgrund der sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten verbessernden diplomatischen Beziehung zwischen China und Deutschland nimmt in China das Interesse am Studium in Deutschland und an der deutschen Sprache immer weiter zu. Um den direkten Zugang zu deutschen Hochschulen zu erhalten, mssen alle auslndische Hochschulbewerber ein internationales Deutschsprachzeugnis erwerben. Die Sprachprfung Deutsch als Fremdsprache, nmlich der TestDaF, gilt heute als die einzige Sprachprfung, dessen Nachweis von allen deutschen Hochschulen anerkannt wird. Wie valid ist denn diese Sprachprfung? Die Antwort darauf rckt zunehmend ins Blickfeld. In dieser Arbeit werden mithilfe der auf Bachmans und Palmers kommunikativer Sprachtest-Theorie beruhenden Validierungsanalyse insgesamt 7 TestDaF Musterprfung

1. 研究目的与意义山银花是忍冬科植物灰毡毛忍冬、红腺忍冬、华南忍冬或黄褐毛忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。生于溪边、旷野疏林下或灌木丛中。产于我国南方各地。性味归经：甘，寒。归肺，心、胃。2010年版《中国药典》对忍冬与灰毡毛忍冬进行分列，其中忍冬被列为金银花唯一的药源植物，而灰毡毛忍冬收藏在山银花中。对忍冬（金银花）的药性描述为：[性味与归经] 甘，寒。归肺，心、胃经。[功能与主治] 清热解毒，疏散风热。用于痈肿疔疮，喉痹、丹毒，热毒血痢，风热感冒，温热发病。[用法与用量] 6 -15g。而在药典中对灰毡毛忍冬（山银花）在[性味与归经]、[功能与主治]、[用法与用量]中的描述与忍冬一字不差，完全一致，说明它们在临床应用时是可以相互替代的。而由此可见山银花的价值非凡，而为了控制变量，必须对其进行检

1. 研究目的与意义我国《药品生产质量管理规范》将验证界定为证明任何程序、生产过程、设备、物料、活动或系统确实能导致预期结果的有文件证明的一系列活动。可见验证是药品生产及质量管理中一个全方位的质量活动，是制药企业实施GMP的基础。从制药企业GMP认证情况来看，验证是GMP实施过程中比较薄弱的环节，尤其是再验证，它需要的周期长，投入量大，导致了一些企业没有严格按照要求开展相关的GMP再验证工作，甚至有时为了应付现场检查，而临时编制一些再验证的材料，缺乏准确性。多年来的GMP实训使越来越多的人认识到了：验证是确立生产运行标准的必要手段，是制药企业定标及达标运行的基础。关键设备对产品的质量和安全性起着决定性作用，如针剂车间使用的灭菌设备、关键洁净区的空调净化系统等。因此，即使在设备和规程�

1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述） 1. Purpose and significance (including analysis of current research situation at home and abroad) Automobile suspension is the general name of all the connecting devices between the frame (or the bearing body) and the axle (or wheel). It is an important part to ensure the normal running of the vehicle. It consists of three parts: spring, shock absorber and guide mechanism [1]. The maximum total mass of medium-sized truck is 6.0t lt; GA ≤ 14 t according to the maximum total mass of (GA) set at the time of operation of highway. The main domestic manufacturers of light and medium-sized trucks are: Dongfeng, Chongqing Lifan, Zhejiang FeiDie, Chengdu Dayun, Heavy Automobile, Jianghuai, Qingling, Beiqi Futian and so on. At present, the suspension of domestic medium-sized trucks is mainly non-independent suspension. Suspension elastic elements are generally leaf springs. Because it acts as a guiding mechanism, the suspension system is greatly simpl