论文总字数：28646字

摘 要

《小王子》是著名的儿童文学短篇小说，著于1942年，作者安托万·德·圣·埃克苏佩里。许渊冲先生的文学翻译理论是在吸纳了中外传统文艺美学基础上，源于把中国传统译论与其创造性翻译思维相结合。因此，基于许渊冲先生的文学翻译艺术观，本文力图探究《小王子》的文学翻译策略，为以后的文学翻译提供一定的理论依据和方法指导。本文认为许渊冲先生的文学翻译艺术观对于文学著作的翻译具有极高的参考价值。通过巧妙运用不同的翻译策略，译著能够更具可读性，读者因此能够更好的接受与理解外国文学作品中所体现的思想与文化，进而获得最佳的阅读体验。

关键词：许渊冲；文学翻译艺术观；《小王子》；翻译策略

Contents

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………........……1

2. Literature Review…………………………………………………………2

3. Xu Yuanchong’s Artistic View of Literary Translation ………………...3

4. A Case Study of Little Prince……………………………………………….4

4.1 Example 1…………….……………………………………………………...4

4.2 Example 2………..………………………………………………………......4

4.3 Example 3……………………………………………………………...…….5

4.4 Example 4........................................................................................................6

5. An Exploration of Translation Strategies Applied in the Little Prince…....6

5.1 Beauty in sense, sound and form…………………………………......……...6

5.2 Particularization, equalization, and generalization…………………......……7

5.3 To know,appreciate and enjoy..............................................................................7

6. Theoretical Significance and Practical Value....................................................8

6.1 Theoretical significance……………………………….......…………...…….8

6.2 Practical value………………………………………………………...……..9

7.Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………10

Works Cited…………………………………………………………………...12

1. Introduction

As the saying goes, reading is the ladder of human progress. With the rapid development of modern society and the continuous deepening of globalization, people"s need for understanding foreign culture has been further expanded. Readers in China have more choices in reading the translated versions of classic foreign literary works. Reading classical literature not only enriches readers" knowledge, but also greatly broadens readers" horizons and enables them to have a deeper understanding of life. The Little Prince is such an excellent literary work.

In order to enable Chinese readers to experience the charm of foreign classics better, many translation scholars have been diligent in improving and developing all kinds of traditional translation theories. Mr. Xu Yuanchong"s artistic view of literary translation integrates his findings and the predecessors’ studies in this field, including the theory of Three-aspect beauty ,the theory of Three-level conversion and the theory of Three-kind purpose.

Under the guidance of Mr. Xu Yuanchong"s artistic view of literary translation, this thesis takes the Little Prince as an example to explore the application of the theory of Three-aspect beauty, the theory of Three-level conversion and the theory of Three-kind purpose in literary translation practice and some relevant translation strategies for the purpose of laying a foundation for future literary translation.

This paper is composed of seven parts. The first part is the introduction. It chiefly provides the background knowledge for the selected topic.The second part is literature review. The third part presents Mr. Xu Yuanchong"s research on the artistic view of literary translation. The fourth part makes some case studies of the translation of the Little Prince. The fifth part explores some strategies applied in the translation of this novel from the perspective of Xu Yuanchong"s artistic view of literary translation. The sixth part investigates pragmatic and theoretical significance of Mr. Xu Yuanchong"s literary translation theory applied to the translation of other literary works. The last part is the conclusion.

2. Literature Review

In the history of Chinese translation, traditional translation theories have made indelible contributions to the development of translation practice for more than a thousand years, and are still of great significance today. However, there is no doubt that traditional Chinese translation theories are only confined to macroscopic discussion of translation, lacking methodology and operability.

Three main aspects limit the development of Chinese translation studies. First, translation studies have a narrow perspective and rigid concept. Traditional translation theory has made some achievements in the comparative study between the source and the target texts, as well as in the study of words and sentences in a text. Rigid binary opposite positions are formed by the disputes between science and art, translatability and untranslatability, literal translation and free translation. Second, diversity and richness are not found in the research ideas and models. Literary translation and academic translation still occupy an essential place in the aspect of translation studies. The studies of translation theories are still limited to traditional Chinese literary translation, thus, interdisciplinary theoretical system in China does not come into existence. Third, in terms of methodology, traditional translation theories are in favor of "fuzzy and abstract qualitative generalization". There is no in-depth discussion on the nature of literary translation---readability.

Therefore, it is a primary task to expand the theoretical perspective, introduce multiple and complementary research modes, and explore objective and scientific research methods and means to promote the study of modern translation theories.

Many translators have studied Mr Xu Yuanchong’s literary translation from all kinds of perspectives. For example，Mr Wang Houping’s Research on the art of literary translation from the angle of aesthetics – the study of Xu Yuanchong"s theory and practice of translation based on the aesthetic point, explores the translation theory and practice of Xu Yuanchong. Through the study of the empirical analysis of his theory, we come to the following conclusion: Xu Yuanchong’s literary translation theory is the combination of Chinese traditional translation theory and his creative thinking in literary translation.

3. Xu Yuanchong’s Artistic View of Literary Translation

The ten words "beautifying art, creating excellence is like a competition" are Professor Xu Yuanchong"s view on literary theory translation. "Three-aspect beauty" is defined as the beauty in sense, sound and form. Xu Yuanchong"s theory of Three-aspect beauty is likely to be borrowed from Lu Xun"s From Individual Characters to Holistic Passage, in which Lu Xun maintains that "when you begin to acquire Chinese characters, first, make your heart pleased with beauty in sense;second,make your ears pleased with beauty in sound;third,make your eyes pleased with beauty in form.""Three-level conversion"refers to particularization,equalization and generalization. His theory of "Three-level conversion" is derived from the extension of "conversion" in Mr. Qian Zhongshu"s proposal that "the supreme standard of literary translation is conversion". "Three-kind purpose" refers to know, appreciate and enjoy the translation. The theory of "Three-kind purpose" comes from Confucius" saying in the analects of Confucius that "those who know are not as good as those who are, and those who are good are not as happy as those who are"; The word "art" comes from Mr. Zhu Guangqian"s proposal "follow your heart"s desire, not exceeding the bounds is the mature state of all art". Then, Professor Xu learns from Guo Moruo’s proposal "good translation is equal to the creation of words." Fu Lei"s "giving full play to the advantages of the target language" also plays an important role in Xu Yuanchong’s literary translation.

Thus it can be seen that the ontology of literary translation is creating beauty, which is known as the theory of Three-aspect beauty, including beauty in sense, sound and form. Giving full play to its advantages is the skillful application of some relevant strategies, which is called the theory of Three-level conversion, including particularization, equalization, and generalization. The theory of Three-kind purpose is teleology, whose aim is to make people know, appreciate and enjoy the translated work.

4. A Case Study of Little Prince

The narrator, a pilot, began the story by telling the reader that he can"t find anyone in the adult world to talk to because adults are too practical.

Then the pilot told the story of meeting the little prince in the Sahara desert six years ago when his plane broke down and he had to make an emergency landing. The mysterious little prince came from another planet. The pilot told the story of the little prince and his rose. Why did the little prince leave his planet? He visited other planets before reaching earth. He recounted the little prince"s adventures on six planets, where he met the king, the conceited man, the drunkard, the merchant, the lamplighter, the geographer, the snake, the three-petal desert flower, the rose garden, the switchman, the peddler, the fox, and our narrator, the pilot himself.

The pilot and the little prince shared a very precious friendship in the desert. When the little prince left the earth, the pilot was very sad. He has always missed the time they spent together. He wrote the novel in memory of the little prince.

The little prince is a very simple and kind boy. In order to pursue the truth, goodness and beauty of life, he can ignore his precious life. Everyone has his own important things, in the eyes of the adults important things is to work to make money, but, for the little prince, the important thing is to take care of his roses, clean the baobab saplings, clean the small volcanic hole, look after every life.This book wants to tell us: the essence of things with the eyes can not see, must be found with the heart.

In the beginning of this book, the author will write "I"m willing to dedicate this book to the adult ever is that child", from now on, the book is "always maintain a childlike innocence of the adults to children, and he"s the same for the adults say confidence", the author hope to conduct a dialogue with children and adults who still keep childish and innocence of children by the virtue of this book.

4.1 Example 1

If someone loves a flower, of which just one single blossom grows in all the millions and millions of stars, it is enough to make him happy just to look at the stars. He can say to himself, "Somewhere, my flower is there…" But if the sheep eats the flower, in one moment all his stars will be darkened… And you think that is not important!

The use of these four-word phrases makes the article harmonious in sound and orderly in form.It seems that readers are brought into that beautiful starry night ,looking up at the starry sky and missing that unique rose along with the little prince.

4.2 Example 2

To me, you are still nothing more than a little boy who is just like a hundred thousand other little boys. And I have no need of you. And you, on your part, have no need of me. To you, I am nothing more than a fox like a hundred thousand other foxes. But if you tame me, then we shall need each other. To me, you will be unique in all the world. To you, I shall be unique in all the world.

This translation is a classic quotation of the full text, which not only accurately translates the meaning of the original text, but also further sublimates its connotation, points out the center and reveals the main idea. There are many benefits by using these translation skills. Readers can have a deep understanding of this sentence, what’s more, they can feel the little prince’s mood.

4.3 Example 3

But if you tame me, it will be as if the sun came to shine on my life. I shall know the sound of a step that will be different from all the others. Other steps send me hurrying back underneath the ground. Yours will call me, like music, out of my burrow. And then look: you see the grain-fields down yonder? I do not eat bread. Wheat is of no use to me. The wheat fields have nothing to say to me. And that is sad. But you have hair that is the colour of gold. Think how wonderful that will be when you have tamed me! The grain, which is also golden, will bring me back the thought of you. And I shall love to listen to the wind in the wheat.

This classic line uses the technique of particularization, equalization and generalization,reflecting the beauty in sense,sound and form,which is very natural and beautiful.Readers can feel the charm of the wheat field together with the little prince as if they were in the golden wheat wave.

4.4 Example 4

If you come at four o"clock in the afternoon, then at three o"clock I shall begin to be happy. I shall feel happier and happier as the hour advances. At four o"clock, I shall already be worrying and jumping about. I shall show you how happy I am! But if you come at just any time, I shall never know at what hour my heart is to be ready to greet you.

This classic line expresses the anticipation and joy of those who are waiting for you.I am so looking forward to your arrival that I count the days and express the innocence and vivacity of the little prince.It seems that readers can see his restless appearance,but his face is filled with expectation even with a little tension.

5. An Exploration of Translation Strategies Applied in the Little Prince

5.1 The beauty in sense, sound and form

The theory of Three-aspect beauty is the ontology of translation. Three-aspect beauty means the beauty in sense, sound and form. Beauty in sense signifies that the translation should make readers’ heart pleased as the source text; Beauty in sound means that translation should has a pleasant rhythm Like the original text; Beauty in form means that translators should do their best to keep the form of the primary text. Among the three-aspect beauty, beauty in sense occupies the most essential position, the next one is beauty in sound, and the last one is beauty in form. On the premise of conveying the beauty of the original text, we should try our best to convey the sound beauty of the original text. It is necessary to convey the beauty of the original text as much as possible on the premise of conveying the meaning and sound of the original text. Translators should Strive to achieve a harmonious combination of three-aspect beauty. If the three-aspect beauty can not coexist, then, first of all,translators can not expect beauty in sound, and beauty in form; However, translators should try to convey the sense and sound of the original text in the process of translation. If the words the translator has chosen can convey both the sense beauty and the sound beauty of the original text,of course, words of as such should be selected in translation. In short, the translation of literary works should try their best to convey the beauty in sense,sound and form of the source text. However, the importance of "three-aspect beauty" is not tripod. In Mr. Xu Yuanchong"s opinion, the most essential thing is "beauty in sense", "beauty in sound" taking the following place, and at the end is "beauty in form". That is, the " beauty in sound" of rhythm and the "beauty in form" of order are indispensable elements, while the "beauty in sense" is both indispensable and adequate elements.

On the premise of conveying the beauty in sense of the original text, the beauty in sound of the primary text should be conveyed as far as possible. In the guarantee of conveying the beauty of the meaning and sound of the original text, it is essential to convey the beauty in the form of the primary text, and strive to achieve the integration of the three-aspect beauty.

5.2 Particularization, equalization, and generalization

The theory of Three-level conversion includes particularization, equalization, and generalization, which is a methodology of literary translation. The so-called particularization includes specialization, concretization, addition of words and bifurcation. The so-called generalization includes generalization, abstraction, subtraction and oneness. The so-called equalization includes flexible equivalence, part-of-speech conversion, positive and negative translation, active and passive translation. If the details of the translation is much deeper than the primary text, it is particularization; generalization, namely, refers to the conversion of a difficult text into a simple and understandable translation. In brief, the so-called equalization refers to the similar translation; The so-called generalization refers to similar translation; The particularization means the spirit of the translation. Generalization is to avoid shortage, particularization is to improve length, equalization can also be said to be half of the length and half of the shortage.

Therefore, when translating literary works, the translation method of " particularization ", "equalization" and " generalization " should be adopted to convey the "sound beauty" of the original text as far as possible.

5.3 To know, appreciate and enjoy

There are three standards to be applied in the theory of three-kind purpose: first, it is a low standard whether the translation can express the meaning and enable readers to know (understand) it; Secondly, we should consider whether the translation is expressive. Making the readers appreciate it is a middle standard. Thirdly, whether the translation can move the readers and make them happy is a high standard.

6. Theoretical Significance and Practical Value

6.1 Theoretical significance

Translation, the process of turning one language translated into another, is a linguistic activity. In the process of literary translation,either from English to Chinese or from Chinese to English, it is not easy or even impossible for the translator to achieve an "accurate and loyal" version. Because English is hypotaxis and Chinese is parataxis, the two languages are quite different. The translation expresses either more or less than the original texts, and there are few "accurate and complete" moments.

Translation is the unity of two languages.We can take translation for a conversion between one language and the other one. However, except the combination of two languages literary what’s more,translation is the combination of two cultures.

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