论文总字数：25473字

摘 要

随着物流业的发展，我国也真正融入到了世界物流业的发展大潮中。近些年来，汽车运输业正在进行大规模改革，全国汽车运输业呈现竞争的趋势。目前公路运输企业没有比较规范全面的运输体系，整个行业呈现“运输成本高，资源利用率低下，物流从业人员素质堪忧，竞争激烈”的状态。汽车运输行业门槛低，使得这个行业的个体户车辆较多，个体企业车辆规模小。许多运输公司凭借周边的物料资源发展开来，对周边资源依赖度强，缺乏对外界物流运输行情的了解，规模与管理能力限制了运输企业向外拓展的计划。由于该行业门槛低，导致员工专业素质较差，服务水平不高。没有统一的规范准则，产品质量，服务质量参差不齐。运输资源随季节变化而变化，资源稳定性差，导致运力存在运力不足或运力过剩的问题。同时油价的波动与运输中途的过路费加重了中小型物流企业的负担。国家对于不同区域的车型限制不同，限制了运输企业的地域拓展，增加了企业车辆运输设备的投资。为了竞争周边有限的资源，许多公司形成恶性销售，不利于企业管理水平与产品品质的提升。另一方面，物流运输市场秩序与市场信誉不完善，政府没有规范的行为规范来制约，导致许多运输公司只追求短期利益而放弃深耕。在这种趋势的影响下，中小运输企业该如何提升自己的竞争力，在现阶段利用企业内部现有的资源优化公司结构，提升员工素养，降低成本，成为中小企业的首要发展任务。因此，本论文基于红贸物流企业的现状进行分析，提出有建设性意义的优化方案。为红贸物流未来的进一步发展提供参考建议。

本论文撰写前，研读了很多知网相关文献，分析国内外先进物流运输管理体系再结合红贸物流公司的运输管理问题进行对比与思考。主要针对车辆运输管理、物流管理优化决策、我国物流运输管理工作探讨、不同类型公路货物运输等方面进行了查阅与研读。同时对论文的重点研究对象——红贸有限公司，进行了大数据调查与实地探查，了解了该公司的成立与发展过程。重点调查了该公司的运输模式、运输方式及运输网络的现状，并与国内外先进运输管理体系进行对比与改进。分析其整车运输的操作流程中出现的问题，进一步确定论文的关键点与立足点。本文从宏观方面对红贸物流的运输模式进行变革，在公司内部现有的整车运输模式基础上利用SWOT分析法整合出联盟运输并加以运用，对于公路运输方式所表现的弊端提出铁路公路联合运输方式并利用层次分析法验证其可行性。另外还提出了甩挂运输降低空车率、提升员工专业技能与素养、加强基础设施建设、加强运行安排合理化、实施多班制运输等举措来达到降低成本的原则。

关键词：物流运输管理；联盟运输；运输模式；运输方式；层次分析法

Research on logistics and transportation management optimization of Hongmao Co., Ltd

Abstract

With the development of logistics industry, China has really integrated into the development of the world logistics industry. In recent years, the automobile transportation industry is undergoing a large-scale reform, and the national automobile transportation industry presents a competitive trend. At present, there is no standardized and comprehensive transportation system in highway transportation enterprises, and the whole industry is in a state of "high transportation cost, low resource utilization, worrying quality of logistics practitioners and fierce competition". The low threshold of the automobile transportation industry makes the industry have more self-employed vehicles and small-scale vehicles. Many transportation companies rely on the surrounding material resources to develop. They are highly dependent on the surrounding resources and lack of understanding of the external logistics and transportation market. The scale and management ability limit the outward expansion plan of transportation enterprises. Due to the low threshold of the industry, the professional quality of employees is poor, and the service level is not high. There is no unified standard, product quality and service quality are uneven. Transportation resources change with seasons, and the stability of resources is poor, which leads to the problem of insufficient or excess transportation capacity. At the same time, the fluctuation of oil price and the midway toll increase the burden of small and medium-sized logistics enterprises. The country has different restrictions on vehicle types in different regions, which limits the regional expansion of transportation enterprises and increases the investment in vehicle transportation equipment. In order to compete for the limited resources around, many companies form vicious sales, which is not conducive to the improvement of enterprise management level and product quality. On the other hand, the order and reputation of logistics transportation market are not perfect, and the government has no normative behavior to restrict, which leads to many transportation companies only pursue short-term interests and give up deep cultivation. Under the influence of this trend, how to improve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized transportation enterprises, optimize the company structure, improve the quality of employees and reduce costs, has become the primary development task of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, based on the analysis of the current situation of Hongmao logistics enterprises, this paper puts forward a constructive optimization scheme. It provides reference and suggestions for the further development of Hongmao logistics in the future.

Before writing this paper, I studied a large number of related literature of HowNet, analyzed the advanced logistics transportation management system at home and abroad, and then compared and thought about the transportation management problems of Hongmao logistics company. This paper mainly focuses on vehicle transportation management, logistics management optimization decision-making, China"s logistics transportation management work, different types of road freight transportation and other aspects of the reference and study. At the same time, the paper focuses on the research object of the red Trade Co., Ltd., conducted a big data survey and field exploration, to understand the establishment and development process of the company. This paper focuses on the investigation of the company"s transportation mode, transportation mode and transportation network, and compares and improves with the advanced transportation management system at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the problems in the operation process of vehicle transportation, and further determines the key point and foothold of the paper. This paper changes the transportation mode of Hongmao logistics from the macro aspect. On the basis of the existing vehicle transportation mode within the company, it uses SWOT analysis method to integrate alliance transportation and apply it. For the disadvantages of highway transportation mode, it puts forward railway highway combined transportation mode and uses AHP to verify its feasibility. In addition, it also puts forward some measures to reduce the empty car rate, improve the professional skills and literacy of employees, strengthen the infrastructure construction, strengthen the rationalization of operation arrangement, implement multi shift transportation, and implement flat management to achieve the principle of cost reduction.

Key words: Logistics transportation management； Alliance transportation； Transportation mode； Transportation mode； Analytic hierarchy process

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究现状 1

1.3 研究内容及方法 3

1.4论文框架 4

第二章 文献综述 5

2.1运输管理概念 5

2.2研究方法 5

2.2.1 SWOT分析法 5

2.2.2层次分析法 5

2.2.3标号法 5

第三章 红贸公司物流运输管理现状分析 7

3.1 红贸物流公司概况 7

3.2 红贸物流运输管理现状 8

3.2.1 红贸物流运输模式 8

3.2.2 红贸公司物流运输方式 9

3.2.3 红贸汽车物流运输路线 9

3.3 红贸汽车物流运输管理存在的问题分析 9

3.3.1运输模式问题分析 9

3.3.2运输方式问题分析 10

3.3.3运输路线问题分析 11

第四章 红贸公司物流运输管理优化 12

4.1 运输模式优化——联盟运输 12

4.1.1 联盟运作模式分析 12

4.1.2 SWOT分析红贸物流运输模式 12

4.2 运输方式优化—层次分析法 13

4.3 标号法运输路线优化 18

结 论 20

致 谢 21

参考文献（References） 22

第一章 绪 论

1.1 研究背景

21新世纪经济高速发展，我国物流运输发展时机已经成熟，商品运输不仅能够满足人们日常生活的需求，还能够在保证质量与使用感的前提下更快地送入人们手中。快递业的发展进一步刺激了物流业的活力，政府、企业与个人都在关注着物流业的稳健发展，现代物流为国家与人民带来了极大的便利。在我国运输线路布局完整、物流运输体系逐渐完善、运输业正在极力寻找发展方向的背景下，现在的物流信息化水平逐渐提升，运输速度越来越快，运输能力越来越强。物流运输行业的规范化有利于其满足市场发展的需求。我国物流业进入发展新时代，目前国内产品流通需求大，如果能够降低物流成本特别是降低流通成本，那将会极大的提高物流产业的有效发展，为我国的经济发展做出更大的贡献。物流业中运输流通占比很大，成本也高，在运输过程中的任何一个环节的优化都有利于降低成本增加效益。我国的中小型物流企业大部分依附周围物料资源流通需求而发展起来，规模与管理限制了其向外扩张。再加上政府对于不同区域的车辆型号要求不同，进一步造成企业运输设备投资大，向外扩张难得现状。由于物流运输业门槛低，造成个体户车辆多且个体企业车辆规模小，行业内没有统一的规范准则……为了在竞争中获胜，汽车运输行业正在遭受众多考验。由此看来，虽然说物流运输拥有众多优势，但是仍然存在一些问题。比如：物流运输信息化水平不高，物流运输过程准时送达率低，空车行驶率高、专业物流行业管理人员严重储备不足，物流运输业收费过高等。这些问题与新的社会发展形势形成一定的矛盾。

本文针对红贸物流运输公司，以降低运输成本为目标，从整车物流运输模式与公路运输方式的视角出发，并结合SWOT分析法、层次分析法等科学的数据分析方法验证方案的可行性。力求为红贸物流运输的发展提供一份可行性研究方案。

1.2 研究现状

关于车辆运输管理的研究，Eunsu Lee（2012）以集装箱运输为研究对象，利用数据库对美国集装箱运输OD分布进行分析，利用类似河流管理的方法优化集装箱运输路线。对于集装箱OD分布的分析可以为高成本和多式联运分析提供数据基础。Masai MUTO（2014）考虑货物特点、托运人和承运人的评价及运输网的通道条件，讨论了形成公铁一体化运输系统的可能性及相关问题。

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