论文总字数：30462字

摘 要

在群居的小区集体中，火灾是一种难以控制和避免的燃烧所引发的灾害，毁坏性大危险性极高，对居民而言他们的社会安全和生命财产都承担着极大的风险，不可避免的的灾难随时都有可能摧毁一切。近年来由火灾造成的重大安全事故早已是司空见惯，为此人们从未怠慢过对火灾的安全研究。基于此，火灾所能带来的都是悲痛和损失，世界各地都已意识到了，声光报警对火灾预防报警的必要性。

本系统是由显示模块，传感器，报警驱动电路，烟雾信号转换电路组成。本系统主要分硬件设计和软件设计两大部分。

硬件方面，基于zigbee 通信的具有烟雾，温度探测功能的监控系统。分为从机与主机两个模块。从机负责完成采集温度及烟雾浓度。MQ-2是烟雾浓度传感器，其传感器可将烟雾浓度转换成电压信号，单片机STC12C5a60S2具有集成的 ADC功能，可以通过采集ADC变化检测出烟雾浓度。而温度传感器是由DS18B20组成，其是一种集字一体化的温度传感器，直接输出数字接口。通信是由一种zigbee模块实现，组网的zigbee模块间收发的数据可将转换成uart串口输出。系统单片机将采集的烟雾浓度，温度值通过zigbee发往监控主机，并接收监控主机的命令，实现高阀值的设置等参数配置。主机是系统的主导，其具有LCD1602显示从机发送的烟雾，温度数据，有三位单独按键分别设置烟雾，温度的上限值，设置值通过zigbee模块发往从机。整个系统有效运作实现烟雾，温度监控。

软件设计建立在硬件设计的基础上，本系统用 C 语言完成各个模块的设计。先确定主程序的编写思路，再将子程序进行模块化设计，最后进行统调。采用串口通信实现模块与模块之间的数据传输。

最后，通过对无线自动报警系统进行综合调试和总结，测试各个模块之间的兼容情况，并最终研究实现了性能稳定且能及时准确报警的有市场前景的无线火灾报警系统。本文设计的火灾报警系统能有效地防止和减少火灾危害，解决有线火灾报警系统不能解决的问题。对保护人身安全和财产安全具有现实意义，同时具有一定的市场价值。

本系统安装方便，可靠性好，维修方便，实用性强，使用范围广。

关键字：火灾报警；单片机STC12C5a60S2；传感器；无线通信

Design of Fire Alarm System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

Abstract

In the community of collective communities, the fire is a disaster that is difficult to control and avoid, and the devastating risk is extremely high. For the inhabitants, their social security and life and property are at great risk. Avoid the disaster at any time it is possible to destroy everything. In recent years by the fire caused by a major security accident has long been commonplace, for which people have never neglected the safety of fire research. Based on this, the fire can bring are grief and loss, the world has been aware of the sound and light alarm on the need for fire prevention alarm.

The system is composed of display module, sensor, alarm driver circuit, smoke signal conversion circuit. The system is divided into two parts: hardware design and software design.

Hardware, based on zigbee communication with smoke, temperature detection function of the monitoring system. Divided into two modules from the slave and the host. The slave is responsible for completing the collection temperature and the smoke concentration. MQ-2 is a smoke concentration sensor, the sensor can smoke into a voltage signal, the microcontroller STC12C5a60S2 has an integrated ADC function, can be detected by changing the ADC detection of smoke concentration. The temperature sensor is composed of DS18B20, which is a set of integrated temperature sensor, direct output digital interface. Communication is achieved by a zigbee module, the network of zigbee module transceiver data can be converted into uart serial output. The system will collect the smoke concentration, the temperature value through the zigbee sent to monitor the host, and receive the command to monitor the host to achieve high threshold settings and other parameters. Host is the system leading, it has LCD1602 display from the machine to send smoke, temperature data, there are three separate keys were set smoke, the temperature of the upper limit, set the value sent to the slave by zigbee module. The whole system is effective to achieve smoke, temperature monitoring.

Software design is based on the hardware design, the system uses C language to complete the design of each module. First determine the main program of the preparation of ideas, and then subroutine modular design, and finally the tone. Using serial communication to achieve the module and the module between the data transmission.

Finally, through the wireless automatic alarm system to conduct a comprehensive debugging and summary, test the compatibility between the various modules, and ultimately to achieve a stable performance and timely and accurate alarm market prospects of the wireless fire alarm system. The fire alarm system designed in this paper can effectively prevent and reduce the fire hazard and solve the problem that the wired fire alarm system can not solve. To protect personal safety and property safety has practical significance, but also has a certain market value.

The system is easy to install, reliable, easy maintenance, practical, wide range of use.

Keywords: Fire alarm;single chip STC12C5a60S2;sensor; Wireless communication

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 6

1.1 课题背景 6

1.2 火灾自动报警技术的应用现状及前景展望 6

1.3 本文要做的工作 7

1.4 本章小节 7

第二章 无线火灾报警系统的总体设计方案 8

2.1 引言 8

2.2 系统设计的总体方案 8

2.3 本章小节 11

第三章 无线火灾报警系统的硬件设计 12

3.1 单片机的最小系统 12

3.2 单片机的时钟电路与复位电路设计 13

3.3 烟雾检测浓度采集电路 14

3.4 显示模块 14

3.5 声光报警电路 15

3.6 按键控制电路 15

3.7 电源模块 15

3.8 温度传感器(DS18B20)电路 15

3.8.1 DSl8B20简介 15

3.8.2 DS18B20接口电路 16

3.8.3 DS18B20控制方法 16

3.9 无线传输模块设计 16

第4章 系统软件的设计 18

4.1 引言 18

4.2 火灾信号检测电路的软件设计 18

4.3 本章小节 19

第5章 硬件调试及调试中遇到的问题以及电路的调试 20

5.1 硬件调试及调试中遇到的问题 20

5.2 电路的调试 20

5.2.1 火灾信号检测模块调试 20

5.2.2 主控模块调试 21

5.2.3 软件调试 21

5.2.4 总体调试 21

5.3 原理图仿真 22

5.4 本章小节 22

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