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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 理工学类 > 能源与环境系统工程 > 正文

建立锂离子电池负极材料断裂判据毕业论文

 2022-01-26 10:01  

论文总字数:23428字

摘 要

新型清洁能源锂离子电池由于离子嵌入高容量负极材料而导致电池失效被广泛关注。对于高容量负极材料而言,离子嵌入结构中会引起结构变形,进而产生力学失效等行为,严重制约高容量负极材料在新型清洁能源锂离子电池中的应用。在本论文中,首先建立硅颗粒球形模型,计算锂离子电池扩散浓度与应力变化情况,分析表面效应对扩散诱导应力的影响。研究表明,表面应力对锂离子电池扩散诱导应力具有较大的抑制作用,可以显著的降低电极内部应力水平,并且随着电极尺寸的减小,表面效应对电极的作用更为明显。另外,考虑表面应力对电极材料嵌锂过程中应力强度因子的影响,本文首先建立硅负极材料力学断裂模型,通过讨论恒电流和恒电压两种不同充电条件,推导扩散诱导应力的影响下应力强度因子。研究发现,当球形颗粒较小时,表面效应对扩散诱导应力的影响较大,可以有效抑制颗粒表面裂纹扩展。不同的是,恒电流条件下,应力强度因子逐渐达到稳定状态,并且这一稳定状态的值就是应力强度因子的最大值;而在恒压条件下,应力强度因子先增大后减小,并在较长时间后趋于0,这一峰值就是应力强度因子的最大值。相同的是,这两种条件下都存在最大值,并且当电极材料的断裂韧性小于这个最大值时,就可以避免断裂。因此,在选取电极材料时,应充分考虑电极的充放电参数与断裂韧度对电极材料循环寿命的影响,在同样的电化学特性下,应选取具备更高断裂韧度的电极材料,以实现更好的循环稳定性。

关键词:锂离子电池 表面效应 断裂韧性 断裂失效

Establishment of fracture Criterion for anode Materials of Lithium lon batteries

ABSTRACT

The failure of a new type of clean energy lithium-ion battery has been paid more and more attention because of its ion embedding into high-capacity anode materials. For high-capacity anode materials, ion embedding in the structure will cause structural deformation, resulting in mechanical failure and other behaviors, which seriously restrict the application of high-capacity anode materials in new clean energy lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, firstly, the spherical model of silicon particles is established, the diffusion concentration and stress of lithium ion battery are calculated, and the influence of surface effect on diffusion induced stress is analyzed. The results show that the surface stress has a great inhibitory effect on the diffusion-induced stress of lithium-ion battery, which can significantly reduce the internal stress level of the electrode, and the effect of surface effect on the electrode is more obvious with the decrease of electrode size. In addition, considering the effect of surface stress on the stress intensity factor in the process of lithium intercalation of electrode materials, the mechanical fracture model of silicon negative electrode materials is established, and the two different charging conditions of constant current and constant voltage are discussed. The stress intensity factor under the influence of diffusion induced stress is deduced. It is found that when the spherical particles are small, the surface effect has a great influence on the diffusion-induced stress, which can effectively inhibit the crack propagation on the surface of the particles. The difference is that under the condition of constant current, the stress intensity factor gradually reaches a stable state, and the value of this stable state is the maximum value of the stress intensity factor, while under the condition of constant voltage, the stress intensity factor increases at first and then decreases. And tends to 0 after a long time, this peak is the maximum value of the stress intensity factor. Similarly, there is a maximum under both conditions, and when the fracture toughness of the electrode material is less than this maximum, the fracture can be avoided. Therefore, in the selection of electrode materials, the effects of charge and discharge parameters and fracture

toughness on the cycle life of electrode materials should be fully considered, and the electrode materials with higher fracture toughness should be selected under the same electrochemical characteristics. To achieve better cyclic stability.

Key words: Lithium ion battery;surface effect;fracture toughness; fracture failure

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景及意义 1

1.1.1现有的锂离子电池电极材料 1

1.1.2 硅电极材料存在的问题 1

1.2国内外进展 2

1.2.1国内研究进展 2

1.2.2国外研究进展 2

1.3 本课题研究目的 3

1.4 本课题研究思路 3

1.5本章小结 4

第二章 表面效应对扩散应力影响分析 5

2.1嵌锂过程负极材料锂离子浓度计算 5

2.1.1嵌锂方式与条件 5

2.1.2 嵌锂过程离子浓度计算 6

2.2表面效应与扩散应力计算 7

2.2.1 表面效应 7

2.2.2 扩散应力计算 9

2.3 嵌锂过程硅颗粒负极材料力学断裂分析 12

2.4本章小结 15

第三章 嵌锂硅负极材料力学断裂计算与失效判据 17

3.1电极颗粒中的扩散诱导应力 17

3.1.1应力系统边界条件 17

3.1.2球形电极粒子的表面边缘裂纹 18

3.1.3恒流条件下应力强度因子 20

3.1.4恒压条件下应力强度因子 21

3.2关于应力强度因子的结果与讨论 22

3.3嵌锂过程中负极材料断裂失效判据 26

3.4本章小结 27

第四章 总结与展望 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

第一章 绪论

1.1课题背景及意义

1.1.1现有的锂离子电池电极材料

随着当今社会科学与技术的飞速发展,传统能源已逐渐满足不了人们的生活需求,新型清洁能源的开发与利用已然成为科研人员的研究重点。近年来,便携式电子设备、电动工具以及电动汽车技术的快速发展对锂离子电池的性能提出了更高的要求,从而激发了对新一代高比容量、高循环寿命的锂离子电池电极材料的研究[1]。其中,负极材料对锂离子电池的能量密度和使用寿命起到决定性的作用,如图1-1所示。目前比较常见的负极材料主要有两类,一方面是偏向商业化的天然石墨、软碳等碳材料:另一种是硅、锗基、合金、锡金材料的非碳负极材料,虽然后一类材料还处在研究阶段,但这一类材料的前途一片光明[2]。其中,硅、锗基负极材料具有更高的容量和能量密度,因此被认作为是最有潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料[3]

图1-1 可选锂离子电池负极材料的储锂容量

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