论文总字数：17989字

摘 要

随着我国电气行业的发展，供电系统的安全可靠性问题逐渐变成人们关注的内容。如果系统发生短路故障,相关电气量会发生巨大的变化,例如电流瞬间增大、电压减小等。短路计算是电网及发电厂电气设备选择和继电保护整定计算的基础。对其简便有效的计算分析具有实际的工程意义。对短路电流的精确计算,分析短路电流的大小及其变化过程以及规律,对于选择电气设备以及继电保护设备都非常重要。可是在分析解决事故故障时要不断的试验，在现实生活中用已有的设备很难实现，一是已有的设备无法满足所需条件；二是从电力的安全运行角度以及实行人员的安全来讲也是不能够进行试验的。因为这样的原因，找到一种能够模仿最接近真实电力系统运行情况的仿真工具是非常重要的。而在MATLAB的平台下，构建电网仿真模型可以将电网结构更直观地呈现出来，也为电网短路计算带来便利。本文尝试着对某电网及并网运行的某发电厂进行计算分析，最后通过MATLAB建立模型对计算结果进行验证。

关键词：电网；短路计算；MATLAB；仿真

窗体顶端

窗体底端

Short Circuit Calculation and analysis based on MATLAB

Abstract

窗体顶端

Now, with the rapid economic growth, social development pace continues to advance, the safety and reliability of power supply system problems increasingly become the focus of attention. 窗体底端

窗体顶端

Short Circuit Calculation and analysis based on MATLAB

Abstract

With the development of China"s electrical industry, security and reliability of the power supply system of people becoming concerned about the content.If a short circuit fault, related electrical volume will change dramatically, for example, the current moment is increased, the voltage is reduced and so on.Grid computing is the basis of a short circuit and power plant electrical equipment selection and relay setting calculation,calculate its simple and effective analysis of practical engineering significance.For accurate calculation of the short-circuit current, short-circuit current analysis of the size and the change process and the law, the choice of electrical equipment and protection devices are very important.But in the analysis of failure to resolve incidents continuous testing, in real life with the existing equipment is difficult to achieve, first, the existing equipment cannot meet the required conditions; the second is the implementation of security personnel from the security point of view of electricity and running concerned is not able to be tested. Because of this reason, to find a way to mimic the closest to the real operation of the power system simulation tools is very important.But in the MATLAB platform, build up power grid simulation model grid structure can be intuitively presented, but also bring convenience to the power grid short circuit calculations. This paper attempts to forward to a grid and a power plant and network operation to calculation and analysis, and finally conduct MATLAB modeling to validate the results.

Keywords：Power Grid;Short Circuit Calculation;MATLAB;Simulation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引言 1

1.1 短路故障 1

1.1.1 什么是短路故障 1

1.1.2 短路故障产生的原因 1

1.1.3 短路故障的影响 1

1.2 防范短路故障的措施 1

1.3 短路计算分析 2

1.3.1 短路计算分析内容 2

1.3.2 短路计算分析目的及意义 2

1.4 仿真 2

1.4.1 什么是仿真 2

1.4.2 仿真内容 3

1.4.3 仿真的目的及意义 3

1.5 本文的目的及主要内容 3

1.5.1 本文的目的 3

1.5.2 本文主要内容 3

第二章 电网短路分析 4

2.1 电力系统短路方式 4

2.2 无限大容量电源供电的三相短路暂态过程分析 4

2.3 三相短路的冲击电流、短路电流的最大有效值和短路容量 6

2.3.1 短路的冲击电流 6

2.3.2 短路电流的最大有效值 6

2.3.3 短路容量 7

2.4简单不对称故障分析 7

2.5对本文给定电网的分析 8

第三章 电网短路计算 9

3.1短路电流的计算过程 9

3.2实例短路电流计算 10

3.2.1选择基准值 10

3.2.2计算系统各元件阻抗标幺值 10

3.2.3计算三相短路电流和两相短路电流和单相短路负序电流以及母线残压 11

第四章 用MATLAB仿真计算短路电流 15

4.1 MATLAB简介 15

4.1.1 MATLAB的广泛应用 15

4.1.2 Simulink功能 16

4.1.3 Simulink特点 16

4.2 用MATLAB实现短路电流计算仿真运行 16

4.3仿真参数设置 17

4.4仿真结果 17

第五章 结 束 语 20

致 谢 21

参 考 文 献 22

第一章 引言

1.1 短路故障

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