武汉理工大学

本科生毕业设计（论文）说明书

学生姓名： 熊书春

导师姓名、职称： 苏楚奇、教授

所属学院： 国际学院

专业班级： 车辆gj1402

设计（论文）题目： 纯电动6120BEV旅游客车车身总布置设计

Abstract

The general layout of the car body is a very important program design work in the conceptual design stage of the car. In the process of the general layout of the car body, there are a large number of feature parameters to be determined, the spatial relationship and the constraint conditions are complex, and the design scheme has multiple solutions, experience and comprehensiveness. How to effectively carry out the design of the bus layout of the bus body should be an urgent step in the entire design cycle. This article analyzes the influence of the structural form and main parameters of the pure electric tourist bus on the performance of the vehicle and comprehensively considers the requirements of dynamics, economy, comfort, ergonomics, etc., and reasonably determines the type and parameters of the main system and assembly of the bus. In particular, the ergonomics was used to determine the position of the driver, and the entire process of the overall layout of the vehicle body was described in detail. The overall layout design of this pure electric tourist bus body was completed.

Key words: pure electric tourist bus, general arrangement of car body, ergonomics

目录

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 The background and significance of the topic 1

1.2 Analysis of Research Status at Home and Abroad 1

1.3 The basic content of the design 2

Chapter 2 Layout between body and chassis 3

2.1 Rear motor compartment height 3

2.2 Driving floor height 3

2.3 Battery compartment height 3

Chapter 3 Design and calculation 4

3.1 Determination of overall body size 4

3.2 Determination of body part size 5

3.2.1 Determination of the body coordinate system 5

3.2.2 Determination of wheelbase and front and rear suspension 5

3.2.3 The arrangement of floor 6

3.2.4 Step size determination 6

3.2.5 Passenger seat layout 6

3.2.6 Wind tunnel and inner rack layout 7

3.2.7 Determination of passenger doors 7

3.2.8 Side window determination 7

3.2.9 Determination of side doors 9

3.2.10 Determination of rear hatch 9

Chapter 4 Arrangement of driving area 10

4.1 Chinese H-Point standard template 10

4.2 H-point layout of the cab 12

4.3 Driver eye ellipse 13

4.3.1 Eye ellipse template preparation 14

4.3.2 Positioning of eye ellipse template on body image 16

4.3.3 Checking based on the eye of the driver's eye ellipse 18

4.4 Driver's seat layout 19

4.5 Steering wheel and dashboard layout 19

Chapter 5 Body and electrical layout 21

5.1 Lighting arrangement 21

5.1.1 External light fixture 21

5.1.2 Internal light fixture 21

5.2 Body and air conditioning layout 23

5.2.1 The basic working principle of the air conditioning system 24

5.2.2 Air conditioning system installation 25

5.2.3 Internal air purification of passenger cars 25

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Outlook 26

References 28

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 The background and significance of the topic

With the continuous increase of the mileage of high-grade highways in China and the development of tourism, the demand for long-haul and tourist buses has increased year by year. For large and medium-sized long-distance buses, it is required to be more comfortable and environmentally friendly on the basis of safety, convenience, and speed, and to fully reflect the people-oriented requirements. In addition to low pollution, low consumption, moderate price, high specific power, high safety and reliability, high comfort, beautiful appearance, and suitable number of seats, the specific requirements of users for high-end passenger cars include the use of new technologies, new materials, and new technologies. The new requirements in terms of craftsmanship are the trends in the overall performance of passenger cars in the future. In recent years, new energy vehicles have become a general trend. As a popular choice for passenger transport, pure electric passenger cars have the advantages of large passenger capacity, sufficient space, simple structure, and low maintenance requirements. All enterprises and governments are focusing on the development of pure electric passenger cars. Pure electric passenger cars have become a Unstoppable development trend. The rise and development of tourism have made the demand for tourist buses more and more. Energy-saving, environmental-friendly, and simple-structured pure electric tourist buses have become the primary choice for companies. The overall layout of passenger car body design is a very important link. A reasonable body structure and overall layout can not only satisfy ride comfort but also ensure maximum bearing quality, maximize the effective space utilization of the car body, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs and energy consumption.

1.2 Analysis of Research Status at Home and Abroad

In the field of coach bus body design, foreign countries have been very mature, but the domestic is still not perfect. In terms of the overall layout of the car body, the ergonomics that have gradually developed recently provides the best design tools for the car body layout. In foreign countries, the research content of ergonomics in automobile design has become increasingly extensive and in-depth, and it is of great significance to solve the problem of how car and body design adapt to human characteristics and improve the working efficiency of human-machine systems. Ergonomics provides us with effective methods and empirical data for the design of the interior layout of the car body. These empirical data are of good reference value for our future general layout design of the car body. In China, this science started late and lacked experience, so a clear ergonomic design method has not yet been formed. China's long-distance bus passenger cars have made great progress, especially in the aspect of appearance, craftsmanship, and so on, and the mainstream products in Europe have become increasingly close. China's passenger car industry has already formed a product structure with large and medium scales that are both complete and has both high, medium, and low grades. However, the passenger car body and chassis manufacturing technologies of large passenger cars still have a large gap compared to international standards, in terms of power transmission, environmental emissions, and safety protection. There is still much room for improvement in areas such as humanistic care.

1.3 The basic content of the design

The model designed this time is a pure electric 6120BEV tourist bus. The main functions of different types of passenger cars are also significantly different. This tour bus is characterized by a high level of floor plan, good sightseeing (large side windows, good lighting), flat interior, large occupancy per capita, high cabin interior, no baggage compartment and no middle door. This design determines the various dimensions of the car body, establishes a three-dimensional body model, completes the selection and layout of the main components, determines the boundary conditions between the car body sub-systems, and determines the layout of electrical appliances, air-conditioning systems, etc. The passenger area was arranged, the cab was arranged and the front view was checked.

Chapter 2 Layout between body and chassis

Due to the requirement for baggage compartment capacity, passenger cars usually have higher body heights. Since there are no luggage compartments for this design model, as a large-scale tourist bus, the floor height is still relatively high, and the relationship between the car body and the chassis is not very tight.The relationship between the body and the chassis is mainly reflected in three aspects: the height of the rear engine room, the height of the floor of the driver's cabin, and the front and rear end positions of the luggage compartment. This design model is a pure electric passenger car. Therefore, the engine compartment is a motor compartment. The space in the luggage compartment can be used to store battery packs and can be seen as a battery compartment.

2.1 Rear motor compartment height

The 12m bus has enough space in the motor compartment. There is no need to overcompress the layout space of the chassis. At this time, the layout of the motor is vertical, the technology is more mature, and the cost is lower.The height of the motor or radiator is related to the height of the floor. The vertical radiator can be reduced in height by increasing the width, and the height can be effectively reduced compared to the horizontal radiator. The bottom surface of the floor frame has a clearance of at least 100 mm from the highest point of the radiator.

2.2 Driving floor height

There are two main types of floor in the driver's cab of the passenger bus: the high driving area and the low driving area. This design model is a single-level bus with a higher floor type. The floor height of the driver's floor in this design is 780mm.

2.3 Battery compartment height

In the absence of luggage compartments, the height of the entire vehicle was reduced as much as possible, but the height of the floor and the vehicle was still relatively high, and the original baggage compartment contained a battery pack and a gas storage tank. The space was sufficient.

Chapter 3 Design and calculation

3.1 Determination of overall body size

Body length dimensions are determined by two factors: target market and regulations. For buses with a length greater than 11,000, the maximum limit of the vehicle width is 2550mm, and vice versa. The maximum width of the body does not include exterior mirrors, and its maximum width is generally taken at the widest point of the wheel or side skin. The principle of determining the total height of the vehicle body is to reduce the vehicle height as far as possible under the premise of meeting the functions of the vehicle, because it is necessary to: reduce the windward area and the wind resistance, thereby reducing the fuel consumption; reducing the vehicle weight; lowering the center of gravity and improving the roll stability, which is beneficial to Increases the strength of the superstructure when it rolls over.

According to the provisions of GB 1589-2004 "Road Vehicle Dimensions, Axial Loads and Quality Limits" and requirements of various technical indexes, refer to the relevant related models, and determine the overall dimensions of this tourist bus as shown in Table 3-1：

Table 3-1 Overall size parameters

3.2 Determination of body part size

3.2.1 Determination of the body coordinate system

The coordinate system is the reference for the theoretical design of the vehicle body, and the coordinate system defined in the standard of “Automobile Body Drawing” (QC/T490-2000) is adopted, which conforms to the right-hand rule.

(1) Determination of coordinate system: Determine the coordinate system with the right-hand rule, X is the length direction of the car, Y is the width direction of the car, and Z is the height direction of the car.

(2) Zero plane determination:

X-zero plane (X=0): Across the front axis and perpendicular to the Z=0 plane, the front is negative and the back is positive.