论文总字数：16911字

摘 要

栀子果实是一种富含多种活性成分的药食两用资源，在其提取分离过程中，提取液中含有栀子黄、栀子苷等活性成分，但同时也存在一些蛋白、多糖、果胶的大分子杂质，增加了后续分离纯化的难度。本实验以栀子水提液为研究对象，采用膜分离技术，根据膜通量和组分截留率确定合适孔径的陶瓷膜，并优化膜分离操作条件，以去除栀子水提液中的大分子杂质，降低后续活性成分分离纯化的难度。结果表明，陶瓷膜孔径为200nm时，果胶截留率为65.88%，多糖截留率为55.77%，蛋白质截留率为66.37%，而栀子黄及栀子苷截留率分别为22.16%、10.18%，在截留大部分大分子物质的同时对目标活性成分的截留率较小，能够保留大部分栀子苷和栀子黄。进一步确定其最优操作条件为压力0.15MPa，操作温度30±2℃，膜面流速0.27m/s，稳定膜通量可达0.166m³m^-2h^-1。

关键词：栀子 活性成分 陶瓷膜 微滤 膜通量 截留率

Study on Separation of Gardenia Water Extract by Membrane Separation

Abstract

Gardenia is a kind of medicinal and edible resources with a high content of active ingredients. In the extract of Gardenia there are not only some active ingredients such as gardenia yellow, geniposide and other active ingredients, but also some macromolecular impurities such as protein, polysaccharides, and pectin, which increase the difficulty of subsequent separation and purification. In this experiment, the membrane separation technology was used to remove the macromolecular impurities from the water extract of Gardenia to reduce the difficulty of subsequent separation of active ingredients. The appropriate pore size of the ceramic membrane was determined and the operating conditions of the membrane was optimized with the membrane flux and the rejection rate of the components as indexes. Results showed that when the average pore size of ceramic membrane was 200nm, the rejection rate of pectin was 65.88%, the rejection rate of polysaccharide was 55.77% and the protein retention rate was 66.37% while the rejection rate of gardenia yellow and geniposide was 22.16% and 10.18% respectively, most of the macromolecules were removed while most of the target active ingredient such as geniposide and gardenia yellow were retained. The optimal operating conditions of the membrane were as follows: transmembrane pressure was 0.15MPa, operating temperature was 30±2℃ and crossflow velocity was 0.27m/s, under these conditions，the stable membrane flux was 0.166m³m^-2h^-1.

Key Words: Gardenia; Active ingredient; Ceramic Membrane; Membrane Flux; Rejection

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 栀子概述 1

1.2 栀子的主要成分以及生理功能 1

1.2.1藏花素和藏花酸类 1

1.2.2 栀子苷 2

1.2.3其他成分 2

1.3 栀子主要成分开发利用现状 2

1.3.1 栀子黄主要加工和开发现状 3

1.3.2 栀子苷主要加工和开发现状 3

1.4 膜分离技术 3

1.4.1膜分离技术原理 3

1.4.2膜分离技术分类 4

1.4.3膜分离技术在食品工业中的应用 4

1.5 本课题的研究目的及意义 4

1.6 本课题的研究内容 5

第二章 实验材料与方法 6

2.1 实验材料 6

2.1.1 样品材料 6

2.1.2 实验试剂 6

2.1.3 实验仪器 6

2.2 栀子水提液样品制备 6

2.3膜分离设备性能测定 6

2.3.1膜分离装备 6

2.3.2膜通量的测定 7

2.4栀子水提液膜分离操作参数的研究 8

2.4.1 膜孔径的不同对栀子水提液各组分截留率的影响 8

2.4.2 操作压力的优化 8

2.4.3 膜面流速的优化 8

2.5 栀子水提液中各组分含量的测定 9

2.5.1栀子黄含量的测定 9

2.5.2栀子水提液中栀子苷含量的测定 9

2.5.3栀子水提液中多糖含量的测定 9

2.5.4栀子水提液中蛋白质的含量测定 10

2.5.5栀子水提液中果胶的含量测定 10

第三章 结果与讨论 12

3.1 栀子水提液组分分析 12

3.1.1各组分的标准曲线以及回归方程 12

3.1.2栀子水提液各组分含量分析 14

3.2 陶瓷膜分离条件的确定 15

3.2.1 不同孔径陶瓷膜水通量的测定 15

3.2.2 陶瓷膜孔径的确定 16

3.2.3操作压力的确定 18

3.2.4 膜面流速的确定 19

3.2.5 膜的清洗 20

第四章 结论与展望 21

4.1 结论 21

4.2 展望 21

参考文献 22

致谢 24

第一章 文献综述

1.1 栀子概述

栀子，属茜草科，是干燥成熟果实^[1]，别名山栀子。人们常见的为山栀子和水栀子，两者都可作为药用栀子。产地遍布中国华东、中原、华南地区等地^[2]，由于地域差异导致栀子在生长过程中成分相似，但是含量差异较大。

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