湖北省公路交通事故调查与应急救援能力评估毕业论文
2021-10-28 08:10
摘 要
近年来，湖北省公路交通事故频发，公路交通事故的恶性后果对社会造成了巨大的影响，逐渐引起了广大学者们的关注。公路作为公众出行、生产企业物资及旅客运输的重要渠道，其交通安全性能以及应急救援能力水平影响着公众的生命财产安全以及公路规划发展进程，因此，公路交通安全应急部门应当采取有效措施来预防公路交通事故的发生，相关部门应当提高应急救援能力来减少公路交通事故造成的危害，湖北省公路交通应急管理体系的完善和应急救援能力的提高具有重要意义。
为了更加深入的了解湖北省公路交通事故发生的原因、公路交通应急管理现状以及应对公路交通事故的应急救援能力，进行公路交通应急救援能力评价十分必要。本文通过调查研究湖北省公路交通事故情况，将建立一个湖北省公路交通事故案例库，选择2010年至2020年之间发生的典型道路交通事故，通过对案件的筛选和信息提取，统计事故内容，发生时间，事故原因，人员伤亡等规律，做出导致湖北省公路交通事故的原因型鱼骨图，同时通过系统梳理湖北省公路交通应急管理现状，提出提高公路交通应急救援能力的对策，从而建立一套公路交通对于应急救援能力二级评价指标体系，通过层次分析法构建评价指标体系的判断矩阵，并计算各评价指标的权重结合对湖北省公路交通安全的调查研究结果，按照公路交通应急救援能力评价标准，最终计算得出湖北省公路交通应急救援能力评价结果，并对改评价结果进行总结分析。主要结论如下：
（1）在所有类型的道路交通事故中，因驾驶员因素发生交通事故的占比例最大，其次是车辆因素，环境因素，道路网络因素和管理因素等。驾驶员因素主要包括驾驶员超速，疲劳驾驶，酒后驾车，操作失误和其他非法驾驶等；机动车因素主要包括制动系统故障、发动机故障、轮胎故障和操纵失效等机械故障；路网因素主要包括公路线形设计、路面状况、交通安全设施、公路通行能力、交通拥堵状况等；环境因素主要包括降雨、降雪、大雾、沙尘暴等恶劣天气和交通量大小；管理因素主要包括湖北省公路交通管理部门的现场管理和安全制度的执行和落实不到位等。
（2）根据湖北省公路交通事故的原因型鱼骨图和应急管理现状的分析，提
出提高应急救援能力的对策，建立了二级级评价指标体系，包含4个一级指标，17个二级指标。
（3）本文通过层次分析法获得各评价指标的权重。验证湖北省对公路交通事故应急救援能力，结合湖北省公路交通研究成果，按照公路交通应急救援能力评价标准，对各评价指标进行打分，然后运用计算公式得出各评价指标评价结果，结果显示湖北省公路交通事故应急救援能力等级为强，印证了评价方法的可行性。
关键词：公路交通事故；案例分析；应急管理；应急救援能力；能力评价
Abstract
In recent years, highway traffic accidents occur frequently in Hubei Province. The malignant consequences of highway traffic accidents have a huge impact on the society, which gradually attracted the attention of scholars. As an important channel for public travel, production materials and passenger transportation, the road safety performance and emergency rescue capability level affect the public's life and property safety and the road planning and development process. Therefore, the emergency department of road traffic safety should take effective measures to prevent road traffic accidents, and the relevant departments should improve the emergency rescue ability to reduce the harm caused by road traffic accidents. It is of great significance to improve the road traffic emergency management system and emergency rescue capacity in Hubei Province.
In order to gain a deeper understanding of the causes of highway traffic accidents in Hubei Province, the current status is necessary to evaluate the emergency rescue ability of highway traffic for the ability of highway traffic emergency management and the ability to deal with highway traffic accidents. By investigating and studying the road traffic accidents in Hubei Province, this paper will establish a database of road traffic accidents in Hubei Province, select the typical road traffic accidents that occurred in 2010-2020, and through the screening and information extraction of the cases, the content and time of the accident will be counted. , The causes of accidents, casualties, etc., Draw the fishbone diagram of the causes of road traffic accidents in Hubei Province, systematically sort out the current situation of road traffic emergency management in Hubei Province, and put forward countermeasures to improve the capacity of road traffic emergency rescue. In order to establish a set of secondary evaluation index system of road traffic emergency rescue capacity, the judgment matrix of evaluation index system is constructed by AHP, and the weight of each evaluation index is calculated, and combined with the public of Hubei Province Research results of road traffic safety investigation. Finally, the evaluation results of emergency rescue capacity of highway traffic in Hubei Province are calculated, and the evaluation results are summarized and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) In all kinds of road traffic accidents, human factors account for the largest proportion of traffic accidents, followed by vehicle factors, environmental factors, road network factors and management factors. Human factors mainly include driver speeding, fatigue driving, drunk driving, operational errors and other illegal driving；vehicle factors mainly include mechanical failures such as brake system failure, engine failure, tire failure and steering failure；road network factors mainly include highway alignment Design, pavement conditions, traffic safety facilities, highway capacity, traffic congestion, etc .；The main environmental factors are severe weather such as rain, snow, fog and traffic volum；management factors mainly include on-site management and safety of Hubei Province Highway Traffic Management Department The implementation and implementation of the system are not in place.
(2) Based on the analysis of the fishbone map of the causes of road traffic accidents and the current situation of emergency management in Hubei Province, the countermeasures to improve the emergency rescue ability are put forward, and a two-level evaluation index system is established, including 4 main indexes and 17 secondary indexes
(3) In this paper, AHP is used to determine the weight of each evaluation index. Highway emergency rescue capacity verification traffic accidents in Hubei Province, combining the research results of highway traffic in Hubei Province, scoring each evaluation index according to the evaluation criteria of highway traffic emergency rescue capability, and the evaluation results of each evaluation index are obtained by using the calculation formula. The results show that the level of emergency rescue ability of road traffic accidents in Hubei Province is strong, and the feasibility of the evaluation method is verified
Key Words: highway traffic accidents；case analysis；emergency management；emergency rescue capability；capability evaluation
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
