论文总字数：17873字

摘 要

亲水性聚氨酯材料是用途广泛的新型材料之一。本篇文章主要使用两步法合成了亲水性聚氨酯弹性体，后对其结构和性能进行分析。本实验的工作主要分为两个方面，先制备预聚体，后加入海藻酸钠增加其的亲水性。对其进行力学性能及亲水性测试。这样是为了得到具有高力学性能和亲水性能的聚氨酯弹泡沫。

本文主要研究海藻酸钠对亲水性聚氨酯的性能影响，包括吸水性，保水性，拉伸性能等，经过实验，聚氨酯的拉伸强度，断裂伸长率，吸水率，保水率能达到402.5438%， 0.1365mpa， 1682.12%，590.08%，经过对比实验后我们发现在海藻酸钠的作用下，聚氨酯力学性能和亲水性改善明显，尤其是海藻酸钠在发泡时加入具有更高的反应活性，能够大幅提高亲水性。

关键词：聚氨酯 亲水性 海藻酸钠 弹性体

Influencing Factors of Hydrophilic Polyurethane

Abstract

Hydrophilic polyurethane materials are one of a wide range of new materials. In this paper, the hydrophilic polyurethane elastomer was synthesized by two-step method, and its structure and properties were analyzed. The work of this experiment is divided into two aspects, the first preparation of prepolymer, after adding sodium alginate to increase its hydrophilicity. The mechanical properties and hydrophilicity test were carried out. This is to get polyurethane foam with high mechanical properties and hydrophilic properties.

In this paper, the effects of sodium alginate on the performance of hydrophilic polyurethane, including water absorption, water retention and tensile properties were studied. The tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption and water retention of polyurethane were 402.5438% , 0.1365mpa, 1682.12%, 590.08%. After comparison experiments, we found that the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of polyurethane were improved obviously under the action of sodium alginate, especially when sodium alginate had higher reactivity at the time of foaming , Can greatly improve the hydrophilic.

Key words: Polyurethane; Hydrophilic; Sodium alginate; elastomers

目 录

摘 要................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract..............................................................Ⅱ

第一章 前言..........................................................1

第二章 文献综述.....................................................2

2.1聚氨酯弹性体....................................................2

2.2合成聚氨酯常用原料..............................................2

2.2.1 低聚物多元醇...............................................3

2.2.2 多异氰酸酯.................................................3

2.2.3 扩链交联剂.................................................4

2.2.4 其他助剂...................................................4

2.3聚氨酯加工合成工艺..............................................5

2.3.1 一步法.....................................................5

2.3.2 两步法.....................................................6

2.4提高聚氨酯的亲水性的方法........................................6

2.5本论文的研究内容................................................7

第三章 实验部分.....................................................8

3.1实验原材料......................................................8

3.2实验器材........................................................8

3.3实验方法........................................................9

第四章 结果与讨论

4.1异氰酸根含量对预聚体的影响.....................................12

4.2拉伸性能测试...................................................15

4.3吸水性与保水性测试.............................................16

4.4红外分析测定...................................................18

4.5扫描电镜图.....................................................22

第五章 结论.........................................................23

参考文献............................................................24

致谢.................................................................25

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