基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价研究外文翻译资料
2022-12-31 12:12
基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价研究
第三方物流作为我国交通运输业的重要组成部分，在我国的国民经济和对外贸易中发挥着重要的作用。它是我国社会主义市场经济建设中具有战略意义的基础产业之一。本文以企业绩效评价的研究成果为基础，结合第三方物流的概念、特征和定义，对第三方物流企业的经营绩效评价进行了探讨。在此基础上，建立了第三方物流企业绩效评价体系。通过对第三方物流企业经营绩效评价过程的研究，将DEA理论引入到第三方物流企业经营绩效的具体评价中。根据DEA的方法和内容，解决了投入产出指标体系构建、DEA模型选择、评价分析等问题。
关键词:第三方物流;绩效;DEA
1第三方物流企业绩效评价概述
第三方物流是为生产企业提供运输、仓储、配送、包装等服务，以保证企业的核心竞争力，降低企业生产成本。从事物流管理的物流企业最鲜明的特点是为生产企业量身定制的物流服务。与传统的基于所有权控制和管理的垂直整合不同，该理论更强调组织间的协调以及合作与运营的管理。在物流管理的环境下，管理的理念和重点发生了很大的变化，例如管理者的注意力从内部控制转移到内外部控制的协调，其目标由单一的企业发展为企业集群。因此，对企业经营绩效的评价也随着物流管理的重视而发生了变化。传统的强调独立部门绩效的观念难以推动物流企业的发展;因此，必须改变传统的经营绩效评价思路、指标和方法。
2第三方物流企业经营绩效评价过程
基于DEA的第三方物流企业经营绩效评价实际上是将DEA评价方法应用于第三方物流绩效评价。在申请中，需要完成评估前的准备工作，并遵循一定的流程。基于DEA的第三方物流企业经营绩效评价过程包括:基础数据的收集整理、评价目标的确定、指标体系的建立与完善、DEA模型的选择与应用、评价结果的输出、评价后的分析等。图1为基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价研究流程。
第三方物流企业绩效评价研究hellip;hellip;
不完整或不可替代的数据 建立新的指标
分析结果的时间
定义问题的时间 建立模型和
计算的周期
图1基于DEA的第三方物流企业绩效评价
|
输入指标 |
输出指标 |
|
固定资产投资额 |
净资产收益率 |
|
实际负载率 产能利用率 运营成本 |
用户满意度 |
表1输入指标和输出指标
3第三方物流企业经营绩效评价模型的建立
3.1建立输入/输出集
第三方物流企业经营绩效评价涉及众多指标，存在一定的相关性。但相关指标不仅增加了评价的难度，还造成了评价的模糊性，不能得出一致的结论。因此，在实际应用中，需要根据数学理论的方法和工具，选择不相关的合理指标，建立输入/输出指标集。通过选择建立的输入/输出指标集见表1。
3.2 DEA模型的选择
根据某第三方物流企业n年的相关数据，我们将需要评价的每一年称为决策单元，称为DMUi。在每个决策单元中，我们选择固定资产投资、实际负荷率、产能利用率和运营成本作为投入指标，净资产收益率和用户满意度两个指标作为产出指标。输入指标权重向量:v =(D1;D2;D3;D4)T;输出指标权重向量:u =(u1;u2)T。企业的绩效可以通过产出指标与产出指标权重向量的乘积与投入指标与投入指标权重向量的乘积的比值来计算。其中，hj为决策单元j的相对绩效;xij代表决策单元j; yrj代表决策单元j; ur为输出指标r的权向量;vi为输入指标i的权向量，由于输出不能超过输入，因此，
其中，xij为决策单元j的输入，yrj为决策单元j的输出r; ur为输出指标r的权向量;vi是指我输入的权向量指标。根据DEA理论, ur (指的是输出的权向量指标 r ) , vi(指的是输入指标的权向量I )不得小于E(指非阿基米德数量)总之,C2R模型(1)(指的相对性能决策单元j)如下:
DMU是需要绩效评价的物流企业，hj是决策单元j的相对绩效;ur为输出指标r的权向量;vi为输入指标i的权向量;xij为决策单元j的输入i; yrj是决策单元j的输出r;
4案例研究
4.1数据评价
在每个决策单元中，我们选择固定资产投资额、实际负荷率、产能利用率和运营成本四个指标作为投入指标，净资产收益率和用户满意度两个指标作为产出指标。选取公司2002-2008年的经营数据，见表2。
第三方物流企业绩效评价研究hellip;hellip;
表2 2000-2008年公司相关数据
输入指标 输出指标
|
年 |
固定资产 投资额 (1亿元) |
实际 负载 率 |
产能 利用 率 |
运营 成本 (1亿元) |
净资产收益率 |
用户 满意 度 |
|||||
|
2002 |
2.4 |
0.58 |
0.67 |
0.56 |
0.07 |
0.84 |
|||||
|
2003 |
2.5 |
0.74 |
0.65 |
0.40 |
0.10 |
0.93 |
|||||
|
2004 |
2.9 |
0.60 |
0.74 |
0.54 |
0.09 |
0.82 |
|||||
|
2005 |
2.25 |
0.65 |
0.86 |
0.48 |
0.10 |
0.95 |
|||||
|
2006 |
3 |
0.82 |
0.85 |
0.50 |
0.13 |
0.90 |
|||||
|
2007 |
2.9 |
0.59 |
0.71 |
0.52 |
0.08 |
0.86 |
|||||
|
2008 |
2.6 |
0.79 |
0.62 |
0.62 |
0.15 |
0.82 |
|||||
|
表3 |
对决策单元的评价 |
||||||||||
|
年 |
theta; |
相对效率 规模效率 |
技术效率 |
||||||||
|
2002 |
1.000000 |
DEA有效率 规模递增 |
有效率 |
||||||||
|
2003 |
0.9372734 |
DEA 无效率 规模递增 |
无效率 |
||||||||
|
2004 |
1.000000 |
DEA有效率 规模递增 |
有效率 |
||||||||
|
2005 |
0.9115698 |
DEA无效率 规模递增 |
无效率 |
||||||||
|
2006 |
0.9855072 |
DEA无效率 规模递增 |
无效率 |
||||||||
|
2007 |
1.000000 |
DEA有效率 规模递增 |
有效率 |
||||||||
|
2008 |
0.9090475 |
DEA无效率 规模递增 |
无效率 |
||||||||
|
表 4 |
omega;i, mu;r 变量 |
||||||||||
|
年 |
omega;1 |
omega;2 |
omega;3 |
omega;4 |
mu;1 |
mu;2 |
|||||
|
2002 2003 2004 |
0.000000 0.4377E 03 0.000 剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料 A Study on the Performance Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics Enterprises Based on DEA Abstract As an important part of the transportation industry, the third-party logistics plays an important role in national economy and foreign trade of our country. It is one of the basic industries with strategic meanings in the economic construction of Chinarsquo;s socialism market. Based on the research findings of enterprise performance evaluation and combining with concept, characteristics and definition of third-party logistics, this paper discusses the business performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises. On this basis, a performance evaluation system of third-party logistics enterprises is established. Through the research on process of business performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises, the author introduces DEA theory to the specific evaluation of business performance of third-party logistics enterprises. Problems such as construction of input and output indicator system, choice of DEA model and analysis of evaluation, etc. are solved according to the methods and contents of DEA. Keywords Third-party Logistics bull; Performance bull; DEA bull; Evaluation An Overview of Performance Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics EnterprisesThird-party logistics is to provide services such as transportation, warehousing, dispatching and packaging, etc. for production enterprises to guarantee their core competitiveness and reduce their production costs. The most distinctive characteristic of logistics enterprise engaging in logistics management is the logistics service customized for production enterprises. Different from the traditional vertical integration based on the control and management of ownership, the characteristic lays more emphasis on the coordination between organizations as well as management of cooperation and operation. In the circumstance of logistics management, the idea and emphasis of management have changed a lot. For example, the managerrsquo;s attention is transferred from the internal control to coordination between internal and external control, and his target develops from a single enterprise into the enterprises cluster. Therefore, the evaluation on enterprisersquo;s operation performance has changed with the emphasis of logistics management. It is difficult for the traditional idea that emphasizes the performance of an independent department to push forward the development of logistics enterprise; hence the traditional evaluation ideas, indicators and methods of operation performance should be changed. Process of Business Performance Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics EnterprisesThe business performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises based on DEA actually means to apply the evaluation methods of DEA to the performance evaluation of third-party logistics. In the application, it is required to complete the preparatory work before evaluation and follow a certain process. The process of business performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises based on DEA includes: collection and arrangement of basic data, confirmation of evaluation target, establishment and completion of indicator system, selection and application of DEA model, output of evaluation result and analysis after evaluation, etc. Picture 1 is the flow chart 1 of the study on performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises based on DEA (Fig. 1). Establishment of the Model of Business Performance Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics EnterprisesTo Establish the Input/Output SetThe business performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises involves numerous indicators, where some correlation may be found. However, the correlative indicators not only make it more difficult to carry out the evaluation but also cause ambiguity of the valuation, thus no unanimous conclusion can be drawn. Therefore, in the practical application, it is necessary to select the rational indicators without correlation to establish an input/output indicator set according to the methods and tools of mathematical theory. For the input/output indicator set established through selection, see Table 1. A Study on the Performance Evaluation of Third-Party Logistics Enterprises... Incomplete or irreplaceable data Establish new indicator Period of analyzing the Period of establishing the model Period of defining the problem result and calculating Fig. 1 Performance evaluation of third-party logistics enterprises based on DEA.
Table 1 Input indicators and output indicators To Select the DEA ModelAccording to n yearsrsquo; relevant data of a third-party logistics enterprise, we refer to each year requiring evaluation as a decision making unit, which is called DMUi. In each decision making unit, we choose four indicators, including amount of investment in fixed assets, actual load rate, capacity utilization and operation cost, as the input indicators and two indicators, including yield of net assets and user satisfaction, as the output indicators. Weight vector of input indicators: v =(D1;D2;D3;D4)T;weight vector of output indicators: u = (u1;u2)T. The performance of an enterprise can be calculated by the ratio of the product of output indicators and weight vector of output indicators to the product of input indicators and weight vector of input indicators. Among them, hj refers to the relative performance of the decision making unit j; xij 剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料 资料编号：[273803]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word |
||||||||||
