1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

an eco-critical analysis of the old man and the sea

1. the reasons and significance of the topic

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

research topic and research methods

through the description of the old fisherman santiago's ambivalence, the attitude towards life, and his relationship with nature, hemingway has enriched the literary criticism and enriched the modern ecological consciousness. humans should protect nature and live in harmony with nature. this paper hopes to be able to provide a meaningful reference for exploring the harmonious relationship between man and nature.

based on the theory of ecological criticism and ecological research by using the literature method and the summary method, this paper analyzes the old man and the sea from the perspective of ecological criticism by analyzing the ecological thoughts conveyed in the old man and the sea.