小区5号楼高程建筑给排水设计毕业论文
2022-05-14 07:05
论文总字数：18143字
摘 要
第2章 给水系统计算··································3
2.1 用水标准及用水水量计算························3
2.2 水力计算·····································3
2.3 选泵·········································7
2.4 减压计算·····································7
第3章 消火栓系统计算································8
3.1 消火栓的布置····························· ····8
3.2 水枪喷嘴处所需的水压··························8
3.3 水枪喷嘴处的流量······························8
3.4 水带阻力····································· 8
3.5 消火栓口所需水压······························8
3.6 校核·········································9
3.7 水力计算·····································9
3.8 减压措施····································10
3.9 消防水箱、水池容积计算·······················10
第4章 建筑内部排水系统的计算·········· ·············11
4.1 管线布置····································11
4.2 横支管计算·································· 11
4.3 立管的计算································· ·12
4.4 厨房排水····································12
4.5 化粪池计算··································12
第5章 雨水系统计算································ 13
5.1 暴雨强度····································13
5.2 汇水面积····································13
5.3 雨水斗泄流量································13
5.4 雨水管选择··································14
第6章 自动喷水灭火系统··················· ········· 15
6.1 自动喷水灭火系统基本数据·····················15
6.2 管道与报警阀组······························ 15
6.3 喷头选择····································15
6.4 系统流量····································15
6.5 水力计算····································15
6.6 自动喷水灭火系统压力计算·····················17
6.7 选泵······································· 17
6.8 水箱、水池容积计算·························· 17
第7章 室外管线综合································ 18
7.1 室外雨水····································18
7.2 室外污水····································19
第8章 结语和谢辞·································· 20
小区5号楼建筑给水排水设计
摘要：本建筑性质为住宅，建筑内系统包括给水系统，排水系统，雨水系统，消火栓系统，自动喷水灭火系统和室外管线综合。给水系统分为上下两区供水，一层到五层为低区，六层及以上为高区，低区采用市政管网直供，高区采用变频泵供水：排水系统是采用污废水合流排水，专设通气立管通气；雨水系统分为两部分，一部分是屋顶雨水，另一部分是阳台雨水，雨水选用外排水；消火栓系统采用零时高压系统，屋顶消防水箱和消防泵联合供水；自动喷水灭火系统采用湿式自动喷水灭火系统。大厦北面有DN400市政排水管，室内污水需经化粪池处理后可排入市政污水管网。
关键词：给水系统 排水系统 雨水系统 消火栓系统 自动喷水灭火系统
Abstract: the nature of the construction is residence,and this construction includes water supply system,drainage system,rain water system,fire hydrant system,automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system and outdoor pipelines comprehensive.Water supply system is divided into two water districts.The one water district is called low area that includes the first to the fifth floor,and the another water district is called high area that includes the six and its above floors.Low area is supplied by the municipal pipe network directly,but high area adopts frequency conversion pump to supply water,drainage system adopts the confluence of drainage and waste water to drain and it also install ventilation riser,rain system is divided into two parts.One part is roof rainwater,but another part is rainwater in balcony and rainwater use external drainage.Fore hydrant system adopts zero voltage system and it is provided water from joint of fire water tank on roof and fire pump.Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system is usage of wet type automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system.DN400 municipal pipe was installed in the north of the construction,indoor water must be treated in the septic tank and then it can be discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network.
Keyword:water supply system drainage system rain water system fire hydrant system automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system
- 给水系统计算
1、用水标准及用水量计算
根据设计资料、建筑物性质和卫生器具完善程度，根据《建筑给水排水设计规范》，该建筑为普通住宅Ⅱ型。则取每户为3.5人，用水定额为每人每天200L，时变化系数取2.5，每天使用时间为24小时。该建筑户型只有一种，一共11层和一层跃层，共44户。
用水量计算：
最高日用水量Qd=200*3.5*44=30800L/d=30.8m3/d
最高日最大时用水量Qh=Qd*2.5/24=3.21m3/h
由于本建筑采用一到五层为市政管网供水，六层到跃层采用变频泵加压供水，故需要设置生活水池，生活水池容积为最高日用水量的25%，即30.8m3*25%=7.7m3，取8m3。水池有效水深为2m，长宽均为2m。
2、水力计算
如图，每两户为对称，而且用水器具也相同，所以用水定额和用水当量也相同，所以各层也相同。
住宅生活给水管道设计秒流量计算公式为：
同时出流概率计算公式为：
平均出流概率计算公式为：
根据设计秒流量，确定经济流速，用公式：
计算出管径，再确定管径，根据公式：
查处流速，查《给水塑料管水力计算表》得出i。
图2-1 市政管网供水水力计算用图
市政管网直接供水的一到五层的给水管道沿程水头损失如表2-1：
市政管网供水水力计算表 表2-1
计算管段编号 | 当量总数 | 同时流出概率(%) | 设计秒流量(L/s) | 管径(mm) | 流速(m/s) | 每米沿程损失(kPa) | 管长(m) | 管段沿程损失(kPa) | 沿程损失累计(kPa) |
1--2 | 0.5 | 100.00 | 0.10 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.275 | 1.089 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
3--4 | 0.75 | 100.00 | 0.15 | 15 | 0.75 | 0.564 | 1.087 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
2--4 | 1.25 | 89.99 | 0.22 | 15 | 1.27 | 1.530 | 0.289 | 0.44 | 0.74 |
4--6 | 2 | 71.56 | 0.29 | 20 | 0.91 | 0.589 | 0.189 | 0.11 | 1.35 |
5--6 | 0.5 | 100.00 | 0.10 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.275 | 0.718 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
6--7 | 2.5 | 64.17 | 0.32 | 20 | 1.02 | 0.727 | 1.143 | 0.83 | 1.55 |
7--8 | 3.25 | 56.46 | 0.37 | 20 | 1.17 | 0.932 | 1.96 | 1.83 | 3.38 |
8--10 | 4 | 51.03 | 0.41 | 25 | 0.83 | 0.383 | 7.61 | 2.91 | 6.29 |
9--10 | 0.75 | 100.00 | 0.15 | 15 | 0.75 | 0.564 | 2.725 | 1.54 | 1.54 |
续表 | |||||||||
10--11 | 4.75 | 46.94 | 0.45 | 25 | 0.91 | 0.451 | 1.483 | 0.67 | 8.49 |
11--12 | 4.75 | 46.94 | 0.45 | 25 | 0.91 | 0.451 | 3 | 1.35 | 9.85 |
12--13 | 9.5 | 33.56 | 0.64 | 32 | 0.79 | 0.262 | 3 | 0.79 | 10.63 |
13--14 | 14.25 | 27.62 | 0.79 | 32 | 0.98 | 0.388 | 3 | 1.16 | 11.80 |
14--15 | 19 | 24.08 | 0.91 | 32 | 1.14 | 0.512 | 3 | 1.54 | 13.33 |
15--16 | 19 | 24.08 | 0.91 | 32 | 1.14 | 0.512 | 1.5 | 0.77 | 14.10 |
16--17 | 19 | 24.08 | 0.91 | 32 | 1.14 | 0.512 | 15 | 7.68 | 21.78 |
17--18 | 19 | 24.08 | 0.91 | 32 | 1.14 | 0.512 | 3 | 1.54 | 23.32 |
18--19 | 38 | 17.36 | 1.32 | 40 | 1.05 | 0.340 | 14.3 | 4.86 | 28.18 |
19--20 | 57 | 14.39 | 1.64 | 50 | 0.84 | 0.172 | 3 | 0.51 | 28.70 |
21--22 | 76 | 12.61 | 1.92 | 50 | 0.98 | 0.229 | 10 | 2.29 | 30.99 |
引入管起点至最不利配水点位置高度所要求的静水压H1=15.5m，沿程水头损失为31kPa，局部水头损失取沿程水头损失的30%，则局部水头损失为：31*30%=9.3kPa。故计算管路上的总水头损失为40.3kPa。因为住宅建筑用水量较小，总水表及分户表均选用LXS湿式水表。qg=0.45L/s=1.62m3/h，查教材附表1-1，选20mm口径的分户水表，其常用流量3m3/hgt;1.62m3/h,过载流量为5m3/h。则分户水表的水头损失为：
Hd=qg2/Kb=1.622/(52/100)=10.50kPa
为故市政管网直供的管线所需水压为：
H=15.5*10 31 9.3 10.5 50=246.8kPalt;280kPa 故满足要求。
图2-2 加压供水水力计算用图
由变频泵加压供水的给水管道沿程水头损失如表2-2：
加压供水水力计算表 表2-2
计算管段编号 | 当量总数 | 同时流出概率(%) | 设计秒流量(L/s) | 管径(mm) | 流速(m/s) | 每米沿程损失(kPa) | 管长(m) | 管段沿程损失(kPa) | 沿程损失累计(kPa) |
1--2 | 0.5 | 100.00 | 0.10 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.275 | 1.089 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
3--4 | 0.75 | 100.00 | 0.15 | 15 | 0.75 | 0.564 | 1.087 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
2--4 | 1.25 | 89.99 | 0.22 | 15 | 1.27 | 1.530 | 0.289 | 0.44 | 0.74 |
4--6 | 2 | 71.56 | 0.29 | 20 | 0.91 | 0.589 | 0.189 | 0.11 | 1.35 |
5--6 | 0.5 | 100.00 | 0.10 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.275 | 0.718 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
6--7 | 2.5 | 64.17 | 0.32 | 20 | 1.02 | 0.727 | 1.143 | 0.83 | 1.55 |
7--8 | 3.25 | 56.46 | 0.37 | 20 | 1.17 | 0.932 | 1.96 | 1.83 | 3.38 |
8--10 | 4 | 51.03 | 0.41 | 25 | 0.83 | 0.383 | 7.61 | 2.91 | 6.29 |
9--10 | 0.75 | 100.00 | 0.15 | 15 | 0.75 | 0.564 | 2.725 | 1.54 | 1.54 |
10--11 | 4.75 | 46.94 | 0.45 | 25 | 0.91 | 0.451 | 1.483 | 0.67 | 8.49 |
11--12 | 4.75 | 46.94 | 0.45 | 25 | 0.91 | 0.451 | 3 | 1.35 | 9.85 |
续表 | |||||||||
12--13 | 9.5 | 33.56 | 0.64 | 32 | 0.79 | 0.262 | 3 | 0.79 | 10.63 |
13--14 | 14.25 | 27.62 | 0.79 | 32 | 0.98 | 0.388 | 3 | 1.16 | 11.80 |
14--15 | 19 | 24.08 | 0.91 | 32 | 1.14 | 0.512 | 3 | 1.54 | 13.33 |
15--16 | 23.75 | 21.66 | 1.03 | 40 | 0.82 | 0.215 | 3 | 0.64 | 13.98 |
16--17 | 28.5 | 19.87 | 1.13 | 40 | 0.90 | 0.256 | 3 | 0.77 | 14.75 |
17--18 | 28.5 | 19.87 | 1.13 | 40 | 0.90 | 0.256 | 17.2 | 4.41 | 19.16 |
18--19 | 28.5 | 19.87 | 1.13 | 40 | 0.90 | 0.256 | 15 | 3.85 | 23.00 |
19--20 | 57 | 14.39 | 1.64 | 50 | 0.84 | 0.172 | 3 | 0.51 | 23.52 |
20--21 | 57 | 14.39 | 1.64 | 50 | 0.84 | 0.172 | 14.3 | 2.45 | 25.97 |
21--22 | 85.5 | 11.96 | 2.04 | 50 | 1.04 | 0.258 | 3 | 0.77 | 26.75 |
22--23 | 114 | 10.51 | 2.40 | 50 | 1.22 | 0.346 | 10 | 3.46 | 30.20 |
引入管起点至最不利配水点位置高度所要求的静水压H1=39.5m，沿程水头损失为30.2kPa，局部水头损失取沿程水头损失的30%，则局部水头损失为：30.2*30%=9.1kPa。故计算管路上的总水头损失为40.1kPa，分户表水头损失为10.5kPa。故变频泵加压给水管道系统所需水压为：
H=39.5*10 40.1 50 10.5=495.6kPa。
由变频泵向消防水箱供水：
静扬程为43.18m，安全水头5m，管路沿程水头损失23.48kPa，局部水头损失为沿程水头损失的20%，故变频泵向水箱供水所需扬程为51.00m。
3、选泵
水泵扬程为51.00m，流量为9.60L/s,选择ISL80-50-200型水泵，水泵流量为9.6L/s，扬程51m，电动机功率15kw，一用一备。
4、减压计算
根据《建筑给水排水设计规范》第3.3.5-2条：“静水压大于0.35MPa的入户管（或配水横管），宜设减压或调压设施。
从变频泵到六层入户管的沿程水头损失为：11.72kPa，局部水头损失为2.344kPa，静扬程为195kPa。故六层入户管静水压为：510-195-11.72-2.344=300.9kPalt;350kPa，故不需要设置减压孔板或者减压阀。
第3章 消火栓系统计算
1、消火栓的布置
该建筑总长34.2m，宽度17.1m，高度37.68m。按《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》GB50045-95（2005年版）第7.4.6.1条要求，消火栓的间距应保证同层任何部位有2个消火栓的水枪充实水柱同时到达。
水带长度选25m，展开时的弯曲折减系数C取0.8，消火栓的保护半径应为：
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