摘 要

随着人们对环境保护意识的加强和生活质量的提高，污水的处理在全国范围内都受到重视。除了大中城市有完备的污水处理设施和机构，在乡镇等地区也逐渐开始建设污水处理系统。污水处理量的增多衍生出来的污泥处置问题一直是当今研究的重点课题。如何实现污泥“减量、稳定、利用”成为很多学者研究热点。

当今电磁波技术被越来越多的研究者引用到污泥处理领域。电磁波对污泥预处理效果是可观的。而如何实现电磁波处理污泥后达到污泥利用目的却少有研究。

本课题从利用污泥制备透水砖角度出发，研究污泥在电磁波处理后对透水砖有何影响。

课题研究了污泥制备透水砖的烧结工艺。发现采用页岩、污泥、建筑用砂在烧成温度为950℃，升温速率2.5℃/min，保温2h条件下制备出了外观质量较好的透水砖。在污泥：页岩：砂=10%：80%：10%时，砖体的抗压强度为28.78MPa，烧失量为7.49%，保水系数为0.7g/cm²，透水系数为0.08×10^-2cm/s，重金属浸出浓度较低不会威胁环境。由于透水系数低，该砖还不能满足透水砖要求。

污泥掺量对砖性能影响较大。当污泥掺量从0%增加到30%时，砖体强度从49.91Mpa下降到了4.97MPa，砖体的强度下降明显；烧失量从2.69%升高到17.70%，即烧失量也随即升高；而砖体的透水性却上升不明显，仍然偏低，最大只有0.2×10^-2cm/s。污泥有机物含量是影响砖这些指标的最直接原因。污泥掺量的增多实质上是砖样中有机物含量升高的一种表现方式。控制砖中有机物含量低于5%可以获得强度大于30MPa的砖，其他指标除了透水系数都能满足透水砖标准。

在电磁波加载功率为300W-800W时，污泥的离心含水率从86.56%上升到86.94%，最大升高到87.06%；污泥有机物含量从51.66%下降到48.00%。在电磁波加载时间为60s-160s时，污泥的离心含水率从86.03%升高到87.57%；污泥有机物含量从51.66%降到了50.36%。这表明污泥的离心含水率随加载功率和加载时间的增加而呈上升趋势，表征污泥的脱水效果经处理后反而变差了,而处理后污泥的有机物含量是降低的。这是由于污泥处理后有亲水聚合出溶出，使溶液粘度变大，污泥中有机物减少。

污泥有机物含量越少，在制砖过程中掺入的比例是越多的，因此电磁波处理污泥对提高其在砖样中的配比是很有潜在价值的。所以电磁波技术与烧砖工艺结合有较大的发展空间。

关键词：污泥，透水砖，污泥掺量，有机物含量，电磁波，抗压强度，透水系数

Abstract

With the improvement of people's quality of life and strengthen the awareness of environmental protection, sewage treatment in the country are taken seriously. In addition to medium-sized cities have a comprehensive sewage treatment facilities and institutions, towns are also beginning to build sewage treatment systems.The disposal of sludge derived from the increase of sewage treatment flow has been a significant issue in present.How to achieve sludge “reduction, stability, utilization”has been a hot issue of many scholars researched.

At present many researchers use electromagnetic technology to treat slduge. The effect of electromagnetic treat slduge is appreciable.But the studies of when electromagnetic treat slduge ,and how to achieve the purpose of sludge utilization are few.

The project begain with using sludge to make water permeable brick.And after sludge is treated by electromagnetic,we would reseach what impact sludge do for water permeable brick.

We reseach the sintering process of sludge to make water permeable brick.We found that in the conditions of the firing temperature is 950℃,heating rate is 2.5℃/min,incubated time is 2h ;the shale,sludge and sand can be made water permeable brick.And the appearance of water permeable brick is great.But the permeability coefficient is so few that brick can not meet for water permeable brick standards.When the proportion of the sludge,shale and sand is 10%:80%:10%,the brick compressive strength is 28.78MPa,loss is 7.49%,water retention coefficient is 0.7g/cm2, permeability coeffcient is 0.08×10^-2cm/s.And the leaching concentration of heavy metals is low,and it can not threat the environment. But the permeability coefficient is so few that brick can not meet for water permeable brick standards.

The proportion of sludge has a significant impact for brick.When the proportion of sludge increased 30% from 0%, brick compressive strength decreased 4.97Mpa from 49.91Mpa,it reduced significantly.And brick loss is also increased 17.70% from 2.69%.But brick permeability coeffcient increased slowly,the biggest is only 0.2×10^-2cm/s.Organic matter content of the sludge is the most direct reason of impacting these brick indicators.Increase of sludge proportion is same as increase of organic matter content in brick.When we control organic matter content in brick is lower than 5%,the brick compressive strength can be larger than 30Mpa.Other indicators of brick can meet for water permeable brick standards,but for permeability coeffcient.

When electromagnetic power is 300W-800W, sludge centrifugal water content rised 86.94% from 86.56%,the biggest is 87.06%; and the sludge organics content reduced 48.00% from 51.66%. When electromagnetic time is 60s-160s, sludge centrifugal water content rised 87.57% from 86.03%; and the sludge organics content reduced 50.36% from 51.66%.This indicated sludge centrifugal water content rise with increase of loading power and loading time.It showed that the dehydration effect of sludge is worse after sludge is treated by electromagnetic.It is due

to when sludge is treated by electromagnetic,the hydrophilic polymerics dissolved from sludge.Thus the solution viscosity is increase,and sludge organics content is reduced.

The sludge organics content is more few,and the sludge proportion of brick is more larger.So electromagnetic treated sludge can improve sludge proportion of brick.And connection of electromagnetic technology and brick making technology has a great development.

Key word: sludge,water permeable brick, the proportion of sludge, organics content, electromagnetic, compressive strength, permeability coeffcient

目 录

1绪论 1

1.1污泥的来源与危害 1

1.1.1污泥的产生 1

1.1.2污泥的危害 1

1.2污泥处置 2

1.2.1污泥的传统处置方法 2

1.2.2污泥传统处置存在问题 3

1.3电磁波处理污泥研究现状及问题 3

1.3.1电磁波处理污泥研究现状 3

1.3.2电磁波处理污泥存在问题 4

1.4污泥制备透水砖研究现状与意义 4

1.4.1国内外污泥制备透水砖研究现状 4

1.4.2污泥制备透水砖的意义 5

1.5课题提出、研究内容、目的与技术方案 5

1.5.1课题的提出 5

1.5.2研究内容 5

1.5.3研究目的 6

1.5.4研究的技术方案 6

2实验材料与实验方案 6

2.1材料准备 8

2.1.1污泥 8

2.1.2页岩 8

2.1.3建筑用砂 8

2.2试验设备 8

2.3污泥性质测定试验 9

2.3.1污泥沉降比 9

2.3.2污泥含水率 9

2.3.3污泥有机物含量 10

2.3.4污泥SCOD 10

2.4污泥制备透水砖与性能测定试验 11

2.4.1污泥制备透水砖 11

2.4.2砖性能测定 12

2.5电磁波处理污泥试验 15

3污泥性能指标结果表征 16

3.1污泥沉降比测定 16