文献综述

摘要：当前，N、P过剩引发水体富营养化现象十分严重，常导致水生生态系统紊乱，水生生物种类减少、多样性受到破坏。探索有效实用、易于推广的N、P去除技术和寻求对N、P具有较强吸收和降解能力的生物物种，始终为环保学者们所关注。藻体可以利用水体中营养物质进行繁殖，对水体的净化有着不可比拟的优势，利用藻类去除N、P的研究始于20世纪50年代，迄今已得到广泛应用并取得显著成效。

关键词：藻类，生态机理，脱氮，除磷；

Abstract: At present, N, P excess caused by water eutrophication is very serious, often leading to aquatic ecosystem disorders, aquatic species decreased, diversity is destroyed. Exploring effective, easy-to-popular N, P removal techniques and biological species that have strong ability to absorb and degrade N, P are always of interest to environmentalists. Algae can use the nutrients in the water to reproduce, the purification of water has an unparalleled advantage, the use of algae removal N, P research began in the 20th century, 50 years, has been widely used and achieved remarkable results.

Key words: algae, ecological mechanism, denitrification, phosphorus removal

利用藻类对污水进行净化由来已久，早在1957年Oswald和Gotaas发表了应用藻类去除污水中的氮磷营养物质的报道，几十年来的研究使藻类净化水质的技术日益完善。藻类大规模的应用为生态环境的管理和提供了一天非常有效的途径，在去除市政污水中的氮磷营养盐、水体中的过剩营养、改善水质等方面又较大的应用潜力。

1、藻类生物处理技术的研究与应用：

1.1 氧化塘工艺