1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）

2. literature review

2.1 questions preview and listening comprehension

the heated dispute on whether questions preview (qp) can influence test-takers#8217; listening comprehension has brought up for a long time since the idea of allowing students to do so before a listening task is put forward. some researchers (buck, 1991; chang, 2004a; chang amp; read, 2006; cohen, 1984; shohamy amp; inbar 1991) suggest that questions preview is a beneficial way of providing related information about a task, which help draw test takers#8217; attention in the right direction. while, others (ur, 1984; weir, 1993) argue that questions preview may alter the nature of the listening procedure owing to their thoughts may be easily distracted by what they pre-read so that miss the entire meaning of the story.

2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案

3. methodology

3.1 research questions

this research intends to examine the effect of english language proficiency and questions preview on efl learners#8217; listening comprehension. the effect from questions preview on perceptions of test-takers of different language proficiencies will be examined as well. situated in the context of the ielts testing, this study will focus on the english listening ability the test claims to measure and on this ability#8217;s relationships with test takers#8217; language proficiency and questions preview experiences. therefore, four research questions are put forward as follows: