论文总字数：12275字

摘 要

亚波长结构是指结构的特征尺寸与工作波长相当或更小的周期（或非周期）结构。利用亚波长结构的特性设计出的新型器件统称为亚波长结构器件。其特征是尺寸小于波长、速度快、有效提高集成度。它的反射率、透射率、偏振特性和光谱特性等都显现出与常规衍射光学元件截然不同的特征，尤其是可以克服传统衍射极限，因而具有更大的实际应用潜力。亚波长结构技术主要研究近场光学中在亚波长条件下物质与电磁波的互相作用，以实现电磁波信息传递、提取、处理、放大、探测、传感等多项功能。近几年来，源于世界许多国家对亚波长结构器件以及相关技术的不断钻研，对亚波长结构器件的理论性设计与制造以及工业化应用取得了重大突破。

我们知道，光子相对于电子更适合作为信息的载体；然而在集成上，光子元件却输于电子元件。这是由于光的衍射效应的存在，使得介电光学元件的尺寸受到了极大的限制（至少为波长的一半）。因此，研究和利用亚波长结构来控制电磁波的传播具有重要的意义。

关键词：亚波长结构 电磁波 近场光学 衍射极限 光的衍射效应

ABSTRACT

The subwavelength structure refers to the periodic (or non periodic) structure with the characteristic size of the structure and the working wavelength. The new devices, which are designed by the characteristic of the sub wavelength structure, are referred to as the sub wavelength structure devices. The characteristic is that the size is smaller than the wavelength, the speed is fast, and the integration degree is improved effectively. The reflectance, transmittance, polarization and spectral characteristics of appears the conventional diffractive optical elements with different characteristics, especially in the conventional diffraction limit can be overcome and thus has a greater potential for practical applications. The sub wavelength structure technology mainly studies the interaction between the material and electromagnetic wave in the sub wavelength condition, in order to realize the electromagnetic wave information transfer, extraction, processing, amplification, detection, sensing and so on. In recent years, many countries in the world have made great breakthroughs in the theoretical design and manufacture of sub wavelength structures and the application of industrial technology.

We know that photons are more suitable to be used as the carrier of information; however, the photonic components are lost in the electronic components. This is due to the existence of the diffraction effect of the light, which makes the size of the dielectric optical element greatly restricted (at least half of the wavelength). Therefore, it is of great significance to study and use the sub wavelength structure to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves.

Key Words: Sub wavelength structure electromagnetic wave Near field optics Diffraction limit Diffraction effect of light

目 录

摘 要.........................................................................................Ⅱ

ABSTRACT..............................................................................Ⅲ

1. 绪论...............................................................................1
2. CST软件的使用及模型设计.......................................4
3. 三明治金属块阵列的衍射谱和电流分布.................10
4. 结论.............................................................................14

参考文献...................................................................................15

第一章 绪论

随着现代科学技术的飞速发展，人们已经迎来了新一代信息化时代，现代科学技术发展尤为凸显，信息科学技术在国民经济和社会发展的地位在明显加重。正因为现代新型产业的一致化要求，微型化和集成化程度提高，器件的尺寸将会被要求更小。传统光学的衍射极限会因为器件的尺寸被缩小到亚波长范围以内而打破。理论来说，衍射极限条件限制和传统光学的基本原理和基本方法在亚波长条件下不再适用。在相关背景下，通过对亚波长结构器件电磁传输方面的新理论和新技术的研讨，促生了一些新颖的科学技术，比如亚波长结构器件与技术。

近来，基于金属表面等离激元的光子学引起了人们极大的研究兴趣。当电磁波辐射到金属表面时，由于金属独特的介电响应，电磁场能够与金属表面自由电子的集体振荡产生耦合，光能够沿着金属表面传播，这一电磁表面模被称为表面等离极化激元（SPP）[1-3]。SPP模可以通过不同的方式被激发，例如：纳米孔阵列、纳米光栅阵列或纳米粒子阵列。表面等离激元材料由于其独特的介电响应、自由的材料结构设计、新颖的物理效应和潜在的重要应用而受到极大的关注。通过表面等离激元材料的微结构设计和研究，人们实现了增强透射效应、光束准直效应、负折射效应、偏振旋转效应、增强的光力效应等，此外还可以实现电磁隐身“斗篷”或电磁“黑洞”[4-12]。

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