论文总字数：15393字

摘 要

本文所设计的热水预热器其主体结构为管壳式换热器。换热器是工业生产中最常见的换热设备之一，是一种实现物料之间传递热量的节能设备。通过这种设备，实现热量由高温流体向低温流体的转移，可以使流体达到指定温度以满足工艺的要求。管壳式换热器是应用最为广泛的换热器，它不仅结构简单，而且换热效率高、易清洗等，是化工能源领域中不可或缺的设备之一。

本文主要介绍了热水预热器的热力学计算和热水预热器相关的设计过程。第一部分是绪论，主要包括管壳式换热器工作原理、分类和强化换热器热效率的措施以及一些在设计中遇到的问题。第二部分是热力学计算，结构计算和应力校核等方面，本文所使用的换热器设计标准是参照国标或其他权威的设计手册而得，以保证设计的合理性和准确性。

关键词：热水预热器 管壳式换热器 设计

Design of the Hot Water Preheater

ABSTRACT

The hot water preheater by designed of the article, main body is the tube and shell heat exchanger .Heat exchanger is one of the most common heat exchange equipment in industrial production., it is an implementation of the heat transfer between the material energy-saving equipment. With this equipment, high temperature heat transfer fluid to the low temperature of the fluid，the fluid can reach the specified temperature to meet the process requirements. Tube and shell heat exchanger heat is the most widely used and indispensable equipment in chemical energy field because it has a simple structure, high in thermal efficiency, easy to clean, etc.

This paper mainly introduces the thermodynamic calculation of hot water preheater and related design process. The first part is the exordium, mainly including the working principle of tube and shell heat exchanger，classification and some problems often encountered in the design process. The second part is the thermodynamic calculation, the content of structure calculation and the stress checking, etc. Heat exchanger design manual used in this article is referring to GB or other authority, to ensure the rationality of the design and accuracy.

Keywords: Hot Water Preheater ;Tube and shell heat exchanger; Design

目 录

摘要.............................................................. I

ABSTRACT.......................................................II

第一章 绪论.......................................................1

1.1引言.........................................................1

1.2管壳式换热器的工作原理.......................................1

1.3管壳式换热器的分类...........................................2

1.4强化管壳式换热器热效率的措施.................................3

1.5管壳式换热器设计时的几个常见问题.............................3

第二章 热水预热器的热力计算....................................5

2.1设计参数.....................................................5

2.2流体的物理性质...............................................5

2.3传热量及平均温差.............................................6

2.4传热面积及传热面结构.........................................6

2.5管程计算.....................................................7

2.6壳程结构设计与计算...........................................7

2.7所需传热面积................................................10

2.8阻力计算....................................................11

第三章 热水预热器的热补偿......................................13

3.1给定参数....................................................13

3.2换热器所受的应力............................................13

3.3温差应力....................................................14

3.4拉脱力......................................................15

3.5热补偿措施..................................................15

第四章 热水预热器的结构设计...................................16

4.1壁厚的确定..................................................16

4.2封头的设计..................................................16

4.3接管、法兰的设计............................................17

4.4接管与筒体、管箱的连接......................................19

4.5排气口......................................................19

4.6管板结构设计................................................20

4.7管箱法兰设计................................................22

4.8折流板的设计................................................22

4.9换热管的固定与排列..........................................22

4.10拉杆与定距管...............................................22

4.11支座的设计.................................................23

第五章 热水预热器的强度校核...................................25

5.1给定参数....................................................25

5.2液压试验....................................................25

5.3封头应力校核................................................25

结语..............................................................26

参考文献.........................................................27

致谢..............................................................29

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