摘 要

随着电力半导体技术朝着高频率化、模块化方向发展、电子技术朝着大功率、高效率方向发展，以及电机制造和控制技术突破相关技术瓶颈，船舶电力推进技术在当今船舶推进领域获得了越来越广泛的应用。电力推进船舶已经以其非常多的优势，如节省燃油、振动小噪声低、易于操作以及极高的安全可靠性，渐渐成为船舶推进方式的研究与发展的方向。开展船舶电力推进建模与仿真方面的研究，能有效地辅助研究人员进行船舶推进系统设计和测试方面的工作，研究具有一定的实际应用价值。

本文首先对国内外船机桨匹配研究现状进行了说明，在本文中，针对的对象是某直流电力推进船舶，重点研究了直流推进电机特性和船舶阻力特性，介绍了船舶阻力的结构组成、直流电机的包括工作特性和机械特性在内的运行原理以及螺旋桨的相关重要参数，简单介绍了Matlab和Simulink仿真软件，通过对直流电机和螺旋桨数学模型的分析以及船机桨的匹配计算，在Simulink仿真软件中搭建了船舶机桨模型。

在通过调试模型使其能够正常运行后，进行了船舶典型运行工况（船舶正车、倒车启动以及正航停车）下的仿真模拟，得出在不同工况下电机和螺旋桨转速、电机转矩及功率、螺旋桨扭矩以及船舶航行速度的响应曲线，并分析了这些响应曲线随电机转速的变化而变化的情况，进而得到了直流电机和螺旋桨的配合特性图。

毕业设计工作论文总结，通过对电力推进船舶的原理分析及数学模型建立，在Matlab平台下实现了电力推进船舶运动特性的仿真与分析，并期待在今后的工作中进一步提高仿真精度。

关键字：船舶电力推进系统；建模和仿真；Matlab和Simulink；

Abstract

Since 1970s,with the continuous development of high power motor control technology and advanced manufacturing technology,Marine Electrical Propulsion System has been widely applied in ship propulsion system,and it has gradually become the development direction of marine propulsion with its advantages.The research on Modeling and Simulation of ship electric propulsion is of great significance to the design and test of ship electric propulsion system.

Based on the domestic and foreign research status of ship engine propeller matching are described in this paper, the object is a DC electric propulsion ship, focusing on the characteristics of DC motor and ship resistance characteristics, introduces some important parameters of structure, ship resistance DC motor operating principle and mechanical characteristics, including work and the propeller, simply introduces Matlab and Simulink simulation software, through matching analysis of DC motor and propeller mathematical model and the calculation of ship engine propeller, built a ship engine propeller model in Simulink simulation software.

The simulation of the typical operating condition of the ship, the electrical response curve under different conditions and propeller speed, torque, power and torque of propeller and ship speed were made.And analyzes the response curve changes with the motor speed, and then get a map with characteristics of DC motor and propeller.

This paper summarizes the graduation design work, through the establishment of principle analysis and mathematical model of electric propulsion ship, simulation and Analysis on Matlab platform to realize the motion characteristics of ship electric propulsion, and look forward to further improve the simulation accuracy in the future work.

Keywords:Marine electric propulsion system;Modeling and simulation;Matlab and Simulink;

目 录

1. 绪论.................................................................1

1.1 研究背景及意义........................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状........................................................2

1.2.1 国外船机桨匹配发展现状............................................2

1.2.2 国内船机桨匹配发展现状............................................2

1.3 论文主要研究内容......................................................3

1. 推进电机特性分析.....................................................4

2.1 直流电机特点..........................................................4

2.2 直流电机的运行原理....................................................5

2.2.1 直流电动机基本方程式..............................................5

2.2.2 直流电机工作特性分析..............................................6

2.2.3 直流电机机械特性分析..............................................8

2.2.4 直流电机工作范围分析..............................................9

2.3 直流电机数学模型分析.................................................10

2.4 本章小结.............................................................11

1. 船桨系统建模分析....................................................12

3.1 船舶阻力.............................................................12

3.1.1 裸船体阻力.......................................................13

3.1.2 摩擦阻力.........................................................14

3.2 螺旋桨水动力分析.....................................................15

3.2.1 螺旋桨的重要参数.................................................15

3.2.2 螺旋桨的推力和扭矩...............................................15

3.3 伴流系数和推力减额系数...............................................17

3.3.1 伴流系数.........................................................17

3.3.2 推力减额系数.....................................................19

3.4 船机桨数学模型.......................................................21

3.5 本章小结.............................................................22

1. 船机桨匹配模型仿真分析..............................................23

4.1 仿真软件介绍.........................................................23

4.2 船机桨匹配建模与仿真.................................................24

4.2.1 船舶能量平衡分析.................................................24

4.2.2 船机桨配合特性...................................................26

4.2.3 系统仿真模型的建立...............................................27

4.3 典型工况的仿真分析...................................................28

4.3.1 船舶正车启动.....................................................28

4.3.2 船舶倒车启动.....................................................31

4.3.3 船舶正航停车.....................................................33

4.4 本章小结.............................................................35

1. 总结与展望..........................................................36

5.1 全文总结.............................................................36

5.2 本文不足和后续展望...................................................36