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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 机械机电类 > 汽车服务工程 > 正文

双段热电偶臂的热电耦合有限元模拟毕业论文

 2021-03-27 05:03  

摘 要

能源,是资源的一个重要部分,拥有丰富的能源不仅仅意味着巨大的财富更是发展必不可少的推动力,当今世界局势下,发展是主旋律,想要更好更快的发展,能源问题绝对是第一位的。纵观中外,只要是发展迅速的国家地区,其能源需求量都是十分巨大的,可以说发展速度和能源需要成一个正比。我们国家目前处于改革开放的重要时期,在优秀的政策和正确的党中央的领导下,发展速度十分迅猛。虽然我们国家地大物博,但是人口量也十分巨大,所以资源并不充足。我们急需开拓一个绿色、高效的能量来源。热电产业作为新兴产业,拥有巨大的发展前景,而且具有很多不可再生资源的优点,比如清洁、可再生。因此热电产业的深入研究和发展是我们必须深入进行的。通过研究,来提高热电转换的效率,为本文主要目的。

本文研究的主要内容是在保持其他相关条件理想的情况下,通过改变热电单元的负载电阻,以及热电单元的两端温度差的高低,得出一个结论,即在什么情况下,我们可以得出最高的输出功率,以及在什么情况下,可以得出最高效率。其根本目的是在实际应用中,得到更多的能量来源,提高能量转换的效率。

在整体的热电单元中,我们可以得出热电效率在仅仅温度变化时,效率随温差的提高而提高,热电效率在仅仅外接负载变化时,效率随电阻变化为先上升后下降,在电阻为0.055时有最高效率12.5%。热电功率在温度变化时,随温度上升而上升,热电功率在电阻变化时,随电阻变化情况为先上升后下降,在内阻等于外阻时,输出功率最大。通过对热电单元的有限元分析,考虑不同的材料在不同的温度下的表现,我们可以得出最优情况下的双段热电偶臂,以及此时热电偶臂的功率和效率与温度的关系;改变热电单元的负载,我们又可以得出最优情况下的双段热电偶臂,以及此时热电偶臂的功率和效率随电阻的变化关系。

未来,在新型材料不断被发现改进出来之后,我们可以采取更好的材料作为热电材料,研究制作出热电优值更高的材料,从而不断提高热电产业的发电效率,但是目前来说,最好的方法还是利用多段结构,利用不同种材料在适宜的温度范围内共同作用,得出较高的热电优值。热电产业在化石能源越来越匮乏的未来因为其可再生,绿色环保,来源充足等等原因必定会被更重视,也一定会获得更多的关注,从而发展更加迅速,成为主要的能量来源并不是空谈。

关键词:多段热电偶 ANSYS模拟 热电效应

Abstract

Energy is an important part of the resources, with rich energy not only means that the great wealth is essential to the development of the driving force, the world today, the development of the main theme, want to better and faster development, energy issues Is definitely the first one. Throughout China and abroad, as long as the rapid development of the country and region, its energy demand is very large, it can be said that the pace of development and energy needs to be proportional. Our country is now in an important period of reform and opening up, in the excellent policy and the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the development of very fast. Although our country to large material, but the population is also very large, so the resources are not sufficient. We need to develop a green, efficient energy source. Thermoelectric industry as a new industry, has a huge development prospects, but also has many non-renewable resources, such as the advantages of clean, renewable. So the thermoelectric industry in-depth research and development is that we must be carried out in depth. Through research, to improve the efficiency of thermoelectric conversion, the main purpose of this paper.

The main content of this paper is to achieve the conclusion that by changing the load resistance of the thermoelectric unit and the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric element, it is concluded that under what circumstances, we can conclude that, in the case of other relevant conditions, The highest output power, and under what circumstances can the highest efficiency be achieved. Its fundamental purpose is in practical application, get more energy sources, improve the efficiency of energy conversion.

In the whole thermoelectric unit, we can get that the thermoelectric efficiency increases with the increase of the temperature difference only when the temperature changes only. When the external load changes only, the efficiency changes with the resistance first and then decreases. When the resistance is 0.055 When the highest efficiency of 12.5%. Thermoelectric power in the temperature changes, with the temperature rise and rise, the thermoelectric power in the resistance changes, with the resistance change for the first rise and then decline in the internal resistance is equal to the external resistance, the output power of the largest. Through the finite element analysis of the thermoelectric unit, considering the performance of different materials at different temperatures, we can get the optimal case of the two-stage thermocouple arm, and the thermoelectric boom at this time the power and efficiency and temperature ; To change the load of the thermoelectric unit, we can also get the optimal case of the two-stage thermocouple arm, and the thermocouple arm at this time the power and efficiency of the relationship with the resistance.

    In the future, after the new materials have been found to be improved, we can take better materials as thermoelectric materials, research and produce higher value of thermoelectric materials, so as to continuously improve the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric industry, but for now, the best Of the method or the use of multi-stage structure, the use of different materials in the appropriate temperature range of common role, to obtain a higher thermoelectric value. Thermoelectric industry in the fossil energy increasingly scarce future because of its renewable, green, adequate sources, etc. reasons will be more attention, will certainly get more attention, so the development of more rapid, become the main source of energy and Not empty talk.

Key words:Multi - stage thermocouple ANSYS simulation thermoelectric effect

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.2 论文意义 3

1.3 研究现状 3

1.4 本文工作 5

2 热电发电的相关理论基础 6

2.1 热电效应 6

2.1.1 赛贝克效应 6

2.1.2 帕尔帖效应 6

2.1.3 汤姆逊效应 6

2.1.4 焦耳效应 7

2.2 热电材料 7

2.2.1 塞贝克系数 7

2.2.2 热导率 8

2.2.3 电导率 8

2.2.4 热电性能优值 9

2.3 本章小结 10

3 双段热电偶臂的热电耦合有限元模拟 11

3.1 材料参数特性 11

3.1.1 N型方钴矿和N型锑化铋均质材料的热电性能和温度的关系 11

3.1.2 N型长度优化 12

3.1.3 P型方钴矿和P型锑化铋均质材料的热电性能和温度的关系 14

3.1.4 P型方钴矿和P型锑化铋均质材料的长度优化 15

3.2 模型建立 16

3.2.1 热电发电的热平衡方程 16

3.2.2 热电单元有限元分析所基于的热传导微分方程 19

3.2.3 模型与相关参数 19

3.2.4 边界条件 20

3.2.5 单元类型选择 21

3.3 不同工况下双段热电偶臂性能分析 22

4 结论与展望 24

参考文献 25

致谢 26

1 绪论

1.1 课题背景

在当今社会越来越快的发展速度下,能源的消耗成为一个日益严重的问题,各国的发展竞争都离不开能源的竞争,可以说,拥有了能源就拥有了话语权,就拥有了长期、快速发展的动力。众所周知,能量的来源大多取自于煤电以及石油,但是这些能量来源都是有限的。在比较权威的能源调查中,我国能量来源主要依靠煤来发电,占95%,石油等化石类不可再生能源的占比仅为4%左右。虽然煤炭含量比较丰富,现有煤炭剩余探明可采储量2000多亿吨,可以为我国提供较长期的能量来源,但是不可忽略的是,煤炭的污染比较严重,和我国目前的生态文明建设有悖。而且,煤炭的使用方式较为单一,使用效率也不理想,因此能源仍是我国发展的桎梏。其他化石能源,如石油和天然气等再我国可开采量并不丰富,石油可采储量约24亿吨,天然气可采储量仅为2.38万亿立方米。对一个人口拥有十四亿的大国来说杯水车薪。而从全球上看,据BP世界能源统计年鉴显示:无论是石油价格或者是日产量及产量增速都有了很大的提高。其中,全球石油每天的需求量提升了一百九十万桶,上升1.9%,往年增长速度仅仅约为1%,提高了接近两倍;各大国消费增长都远高于该国往年均值。增长率的提高主要动力来源是我国,是最大的需求增量来源国,增长幅度是往年的6.3%。这更加体现了能源与发展速度的关系,也侧面说明了能源的重要性。

除了这些石油天然气等靠亿万年才能形成的不可再生资源之外,我国也在积极寻找新的能量来源,核能的发展给予了我国一个新的希望,全球核能发电量比去年提升百分之一点三,这百分之一点三的提升几乎全是因为我国的核能发电量的提升,我国的核能发电量比往年提升了28.9%!目前核能发电的国家中,我们国家的发电量排第四位,可以说,我国对能源的需要十分迫切。当然,其他国家也有核能发电量逐渐提高的,但是不仅数目不多,而且大都与其他降低的国家相抵了。除了核能,在水力发电方面,我国也上涨了百分之五,而且世界的总体提升速度是百分之一,低于往年的百分之三。中国现在是世界上水电发电量最高的国家。和核能一样,全球的水电净增长也来自我国。而且由于一些干旱问题,水力发电的桎梏也很大。

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