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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 机械机电类 > 机械工程及自动化 > 正文

核电站一回路主管道的极限载荷研究毕业论文

 2022-04-22 10:04  

论文总字数:30054字

摘 要

核能是当今最高效的能源,其具有清洁、高效、取之不尽等优点,因此越来越受到国家的战略重视。核电在每个国家的电力占比正在越来越大。据调查,法国电力来源中,绝大部分是来自于核电。2008年时,法国各大核电厂产生的电量比例已经占全国发电量的87.5%,可见核电对于人们的生活质量的提高有巨大的帮助,大力发展核电也是我国实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的必要一步,及早攻克核电站部分的科研难题对我国的核电发展、战略安全的保证都有巨大的帮助。

核管道的安全运行对于核电站整体的安全运行是至关重要的,本文选取含裂纹的核电站一回路主管道为研究对象,以大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS为研究工具,线弹性断裂力学和积分理论为理论指导,分别对含内表面裂纹和外表面裂纹的核管道进行了有限元三维建模,计算了核管道的极限载荷、弹性积分和弹塑性积分,并分析了裂纹尺寸对它们的影响。本文具体工作如下:

(1)计算无缺陷核电站一回路主管道在内压作用下的塑性极限载,并与含裂纹核管道的极限载荷进行了对比;

(2)计算含内表面裂纹核电站一回路主管道在内压作用下的塑性极限载荷,并分析了不同裂纹尺寸对其塑性极限载荷的影响;

(3)计算含外表面裂纹核电站一回路主管道在内压作用下的塑性极限载荷,并分析了不同裂纹尺寸对其塑性极限载荷的影响;

(4)计算含内表面裂纹核电站一回路主管道在内压作用下其裂纹尖端积分的值,并分析了不同裂纹尺寸对其裂纹尖端J积分的值的影响;

(5)计算含外表面裂纹核电站一回路主管道在内压作用下其裂纹尖端积分的值,并分析了不同裂纹尺寸对其裂纹尖端J积分的值的影响。

关键词:核管道 裂纹 极限载荷 J积分

ABSTRACT

Today, nuclear energy is the most efficient energy source, it has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency and so on. Therefore, national strategies have paid more and more attention on nuclear energy. Nuclear power is becoming the most important source of electricity in every country. According to the survey, the vast majority of French power sources are derived from nuclear power. In 2008, the amount of electricity generated by the French nuclear power plants has accounted for 87.5% of the country's electricity generation. Obviously, nuclear power has a huge help to improve the quality of people’s life, developing nuclear power is also a necessary step to achieve the Chinese nation’s bright prospect on the road to revival. With overcoming some problems of the nuclear power plant research as soon as possible, there is a great help on the development of nuclear power in our country and to ensure the strategic security.

The safe operation of nuclear pipeline is very important for the safe operation of nuclear power plant. In this paper, the flawed primary coolant pipes of nuclear power plant were regarded as the research object, the large finite element analysis software ABAQUS was a research tool, the linear elastic fracture mechanics and the J integration theory were considered as the theoretical guide, three dimensional finite element models of pipes with inner surface crack and outer surface crack were respectively carried out by the finite element method. Specifically, limit load, elastic J-integral and elastic-plastic J-integral were calculated. Meanwhile, effect of different crack sizes was analyzed. The work of this paper could be detailed as follows:

(1)The plastic limit load of a nuclear power plant pipe under internal pressure is calculated and compared with that of pipe with cracks.

(2)The plastic limit load of a nuclear power plant pipe with internal surface cracks under internal pressure is calculated, and the influence of different crack sizes on the plastic limit load is compared.

(3)Plastic limit load of a nuclear power plant pipe with an outer surface crack under internal pressure, and the influence of different crack sizes on the plastic limit load is compared.

(4)The J integral of crack in a nuclear power plant pipe with internal surface cracks under internal pressure is calculated and the effect of crack sizes on the J integral is compared.

(5)The J integral of crack in a nuclear power plant pipe with outer surface cracks under internal pressure is calculated and the effect of crack sizes on the J integral is compared.

Keywords:Nuclear pipeline; Crack; Ultimate load; J integral

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 文献综述 2

1.2.1 断裂力学概况 2

1.2.2 极限载荷的计算方法 3

1.2.1.1 净截面垮塌准则概况 4

1.2.2.2 有限元计算 4

1.2.2.3 参考应力法 5

1.2.3 极限载荷研究现状 6

1.2.3.1 无缺陷管道的极限载荷研究 6

1.2.3.2 含缺陷管道的极限载荷研究 7

1.2.4 J积分的研究现状 8

1.3 本文研究的主要内容及方法 8

第二章 有限元模型及其验证 10

2.1 引言 10

2.2 有限元软件简介及使用 10

2.2.1 有限元软件 10

2.2.2 ABAQUS软件简介 10

2.3 有限元模型的建立 11

2.3.1 材料性能 11

2.3.2 几何模型 11

2.3.3 边界条件 13

2.3.4 网格划分 14

2.3.5 网格验证 16

2.4 小结 17

第三章 含裂纹核电站一回路主管道的极限载荷分析 18

3.1 引言 18

3.2 极限载荷的确定 18

3.3 不含裂纹的核管道在内压作用下的极限载荷分析 20

3.4 含内表面裂纹核管道在内压作用下的极限载荷分析 21

3.5 含外表面裂纹核管道在内压作用下的极限载荷分析 24

3.6 小结 27

第四章 含裂纹核电站一回路主管道的J积分结果分析 28

4.1 引言 28

4.2 J积分简介 28

4.3 弹塑性J积分和弹性J积分的确定及其路径无关性验证 29

4.4 含内表面裂纹核管道在内压作用下的J积分分析 30

4.5 含外表面裂纹核管道在内压作用下的J积分分析 34

4.6 小结 39

第五章 总结与展望 40

5.1 总结 40

5.2 展望 40

参考文献 42

致谢 46

第一章 绪论

1.1 选题背景

核电因其清洁高效的能源利用,进来得到快速的发展,现在已与水电、火电并称为电力能源的三大支柱,并且随着石油、煤炭等化石能源储量的日益减少,核电的地位越来越重要。核电,经过近60年来的运行和发展,其技术经过一代又一代人的不断完善。现在的核电站技术已发展到了第三代(如图1-1所示),并且现今一些国家正在筹建第三代核电站。而且第四代核电站的理论设想也在21世纪初被核物理学家提出,但是,其距离商业应用还十分遥远。目前在世界范围内所运行最成熟、使用最广泛的是第二代核电站和二代改进型核电站。

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