论文总字数：36600字

摘 要

开放式最短优先这个路由协议的简写是OSPF路由协议。^[1]它是被IETF这个组织所开发出来的一种在链路形式的系统的内部协议的基础上的协议，它是在单一的自治化系统内部运行进行路由的决策。在IP网络中，它通过收集、传播系统的链路的状况来实现动态的发现和扩散路由。OSPF路由协议是大范围被使用的一种以动态形式运行的路由协议，它被包含在链路路由协议之中，它拥有的优点有：不会出现环路、支持变长子网掩码、路由的变化收敛速度快、分层的区域的区分和路由的汇总等等。^[2]在互联网之中运用OSPF路由协议之后，OSPF协议将会自动的计算和产生大部分的路由，不需要管理员去进行人工的配置，如果网络的拓扑结构发生改变，OSPF协议将会自行的计算、改正需要更改的路由，这将会很大的帮助我们进行网络的管理。

本文主要讲述关于OSPF协议的一些特性和面对特殊情况时的处理，其中特殊情况以产生孤立区域时（即孤岛问题），如何使用OSPF的虚链路技术将孤立区域和area0区域相连接，进而研究OSPF的防环机制。本文通过Cisco的配置软件进行仿真模拟，完成OSPF的配置和虚链路的配置。本文将会较为详细的介绍OSPF的区域的概念和基本原理，以及虚链路配置的作用与意义，还有配置OSPF协议的相关命令和运行的过程。

关键字：开放式最短路径优先；虚链路；防环；OSPF协议

Research And Implementation of Horizontal Segmentation of OSPF Region Virtual Link

Abstract

The abbreviation of the open shortest first routing protocol is OSPF routing protocol. It is a protocol developed by IETF, which is based on the internal protocol of the system in the form of link. It is a routing decision-making operation in a single autonomous system. In the IP network, it realizes dynamic discovery and diffusion routing by collecting and propagating the link status of the system. OSPF routing protocol is a kind of dynamic routing protocol, which is widely used. It is included in the link routing protocol. It has the following advantages: no loop, supporting variable length subnet mask, fast convergence speed of route change, hierarchical area division and route summary, etc. After using OSPF routing protocol in the Internet, OSPF protocol will automatically calculate and generate most of the routes without the administrator"s manual configuration. If the network topology changes, OSPF protocol will calculate and correct the routes that need to be changed, which will greatly help us to manage the network.

This paper mainly discusses some characteristics of OSPF protocol and how to deal with the special situation, in which, when the isolated area is generated (i.e. island problem), how to use the virtual link technology of OSPF to connect the isolated area and Area0 area, and then study the anti environment mechanism of OSPF. In this paper, the configuration software of Cisco is used to simulate the configuration of OSPF and virtual link. This paper will introduce the concept and basic principle of OSPF area in detail, the function and significance of virtual link configuration, as well as the relevant commands and operation process of OSPF protocol configuration.

Keywords: Open Shortest Path First; Virtual Link; Anti Ring; OSPF Protocol

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 课题背景 1

1.3 选题意义 2

1.4 设计内容 2

1.5 工作安排 3

第二章 OSPF动态路由协议的简单介绍 4

2.1 OSPF路由协议提出 4

2.1.1 路由协议 4

2.1.2 RIP路由协议 4

2.1.3 EIGRP路由协议 5

2.1.4 OSPF路由协议的产生 5

2.1.5 OSPF协议概述 6

2.1.6 OSPF协议的工作原理 7

2.1.7 OSPF协议的工作过程 8

2.2 OSPF数据包的格式 8

2.2.1 LSA的类型 9

2.3 本章小结 10

第三章 OSPF路由虚链路的探讨和算法的研究 11

3.1 OSPF协议最短路径树的查询过程 11

3.2 SPF算法 12

3.3 OSPF虚链路的研究 15

3.4 OSPF其余相关的需要掌握的知识点 16

3.5 本章小结 16

第四章 OSPF的设计与实现 17

4.1 OSPF的over帧中继的搭建 17

4.2 OSPF虚链路的研究 18

结 束 语 23

致 谢 24

参考文献 25

附录一 帧中继实验代码 26

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