摘 要

随着人类环保意识的提高以及传统的化石燃料能源不断减少，找寻到一种绿色无污染的可再生能源成为当今研究的热点。而所谓的超级电容器作为一种介于蓄电池和物理电容器之间的新型储能材料，具有比物理电容器更高的能量密度同时又有比传统蓄电池更高的功率密度等优点。这使得其在短时间充放电领域独占鳌头。而影响电容器性能的重要因素就是电极材料的选择。电极材料从最初的单纯碳材料（活性炭材料，碳纤维材料，碳纳米管材料以及各种改性的碳材料）到碳包覆的氧化锰复合材料再到氮掺杂的碳包覆的氧化锰复合材料最后到氟掺杂的碳材料。这些新型复合材料的各方面电化学性能都各有所长。近年来的报道鲜有将碳材料包覆上氧化锰再进行氟掺杂的例子，本文通过自组装法合成了氟掺杂的氧化锰包覆的碳材料，实现了MnO纳米材料为核，外包覆石墨的结构，之后将其作为负极，多孔碳材料作为正极组装成锂离子混合电容器，对其电化学性能进行测试，这种新型材料显示出了很高的比容量以及循环稳定性。

关键词：氧化锰纳米材料 氟掺杂的碳材料 混合超级电容器

Abstract

Since the improvement of peoples’ environmental awareness and the decline of the reservations of traditional oil and energy, it is necessary to find a kind of energy that is green pollution-free and renewable. This problem has became a hot spot for research。The so called “super capacitor ” is a kind of new energy-store material, it has many advantages compared with traditional batteries and traditional capacitor, such as higher energy density power density, so this new capacitor has good performance in quick charge and discharge area. One of the most important factor that can impact the performance of the super capacitor is the electrode material. The original material is pure carbon material, including activated carbon, fiber carbon ,carbon nanotubes and some kinds of advanced carbon material such as MnO@carbon, N doped material and F doped material and so on. All these material have its own advantages in electric performance. In recent year, there are few reports about synthesis F-doped MnO@Carbon material. In this study, we synthesized a F-doped carbon material encapsulated MnO nanoparticle through self—assembled approach. The MnO covered with a thin layer of carbon was then synthesized. This hybrid material were used as negative electrode in a new lithium ion hybrid supercapacitor, and the porous carbon served as positive electrode. And then the electrochemical performance of this material were investigated and exhibited relative high capacity, good rate performance as well as superior cycling stability.

Keyword：MnO nanoparticle F-doped carbon hybrid supercapacitor

目录

1 背景介绍-----------------------------------------------------------1

• 1. 绪论-------------------------------------------------------------1
  2. 超级电容器研究概况-----------------------------------------------2
  3. 双电层电容器的电极材料-------------------------------------------3

1.3.1 碳材料作为电极材料----------------------------------------------3

1.3.2 法拉第赝电容器--------------------------------------------------5

1.3.3 金属氧化物作电极材料--------------------------------------------5

1.3.4 复合材料作电极材料----------------------------------------------5

1.4 电化学电容器电解质的研究------------------------------------------6

1.5超级电容器的性能指标和研究方法------------------------------------6

1.6国内外研究现状----------------------------------------------------7

1.7研究的目的和意义--------------------------------------------------8

2 实验部分-----------------------------------------------------------8

3 结果与讨论---------------------------------------------------------11

4 结论---------------------------------------------------------------15

5 致谢---------------------------------------------------------------15

6 参考文献-----------------------------------------------------------15

1 背景介绍

1.1 绪论

所谓电容器是一类用来储蓄电能的设备元件，它主要是用来避免电子设备与电源突然切断（比如瞬间的断电或者用电电压的突然降低）而产生的错误动作，因此其被广泛用于备用电源领域，对电容器的系统研究是从30年代开始的，随着科技的进步，电容器的发展主要经过了电解电容器，瓷介电容器，有机薄膜电容器，铝电解电容器，钽电解电容器，双电层电容器。其中双电层电容器是如今使用较多的一种电容器，它的出现使得电容器的理论上限容量提升了3到4个数量级，其也因此被称为超级电容器。

超级电容器是一种介于蓄电池和物理电容器之间的新型储能材料，具有比物理电容器更高的能量密度同时又有比传统蓄电池更高的功率密度等优点。这使得其在短时间充放电领域独占鳌头。另外，其可以进行大电流下的充放电，可以进行快速充放电，储存方便，循环使用寿命很长，工作环境要求低，有很好的机械强度，能防火防爆，可靠性较高，几乎不需要维护和保养，使用安全方便并且对环境破坏性几乎为零。正因为它的出现填补了传统蓄电池和传统电容器之间的空白使其在电动汽车，太阳能和风力发电，航空航天和国防科技，电子电路和小型用电器，配电站的电源系统等领域有无可比拟的作用^[1-4]。