论文总字数：18227字

摘 要

薰衣草富含挥发油、单宁、类黄酮等成分，其提取出的精油是用来制作香料、香水的重要原料。本文以新鲜薰衣草为试验原料，采用超声波辅助溶剂法提取薰衣草中的精油成分，利用气相色谱对薰衣草精油有效组成进行分析，系统地分析了影响薰衣草精油提取率的主要因素，并采用响应曲面法优化提取工艺。主要研究内容和结果如下：

（1）建立了薰衣草精油有效组成分析方法。采用气相色谱法(GC)和加标法对薰衣草中精油主要成分（芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯）进行定性分析，并绘制了芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯的标准曲线。结果显示，芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯峰位置保留时间分别为8.7 min和10.6 min，在0.32~4.8 mg/mL范围内有较好的线性关系。

（2）薰衣草精油提取工艺研究。考察了料液比、提取温度和时间对薰衣草精油提取量的影响，采用响应曲面法对薰衣草精油提取工艺进行优化，结果表明，最佳精油提取工艺为：料液比1:40，温度33 ℃，时间2.7 h，在此最优条件下薰衣草精油中芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯含量分别为0.5851%和1.201%.

关键词: 薰衣草 提取 芳樟醇 乙酸芳樟酯

Study on extraction process and compositions of essential oil from lavender

ABSTRACT

Lavender is rich in volatile oil, tannin, flavonoids and other ingredients, and the essential oil is an important raw material for medicine, spices. In this study, fresh lavender was used as an experimental material, and essential oil compositions of lavender were extracted by ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction method. Effective compositions of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Main factors affecting the extraction rate of essential oil in lavender were systematically analyzed. The extraction process was optimized by response methodology. Main contents and results as follows:

（1）Analysis methods for effective compositions of essential oils in lavender were established. Main compositions (Linalool and Linalyl acetate) of essential oil in lavender were qualitatively analyzed by GC and external standard method, and the standard curves of Linalool and Linalyl acetate were drawn. Results showed that the residence time of Linalool and Linalyl acetate was 8.7 min and 10.6 min, respectively, and their linear range was from 0.32 to 4.8 mg/ml.

（2）Effects of the ratio of material to liquid, extraction temperature and extraction time on the contents of essential oil in Lavender were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions of essential oil in lavender were determined by response analysis experiment. Results showed that the optimal conditions were the ratio of material to liquid was 1:40, the temperature was 33 ℃, the time was 2.7 h, the content of Linalool and Linalyl acetate was 0.5851% and 1.201%, respectively.

Key Words: Lavender; Extraction; Linalool; Linalyl acetate

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 概述 1

1.1 薰衣草分布及用途 1

1.2 薰衣草精油的研究现状 1

1.2.1 植物精油化合物 2

1.2.2 植物精油应用 2

1.3 薰衣草精油提取方法 3

1.3.1 水蒸气蒸馏法 3

1.3.2 压榨法 3

1.3.3 有机溶剂萃取法 3

1.3.4 超临界CO₂萃取法 4

1.4 薰衣草精油成分分析方法 4

1.4.1 气相色谱-质谱法 4

1.4.2 红外衰减全反射法 5

1.5 本文主要研究内容 5

第二章 实验 6

2.1 主要原料及试剂 6

2.2 主要仪器及设备 6

2.3 实验方法 6

2.3.1 薰衣草精油提取工艺流程 6

2.3.2 薰衣草精油成分分析方法 6

2.3.3 薰衣草精油提取的单因素实验 7

2.3.4 薰衣草精油提取最佳工艺的确定 7

2.3.5 响应面优化提取薰衣草精油工艺的验证实验 7

第三章 结果与讨论 8

3.1薰衣草精油成分分析方法研究 8

3.1.1 芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯混合标样谱图 8

3.1.2 芳樟醇和乙酸芳樟酯测定方法学考察 9

3.1.3 薰衣草精油含量测定 10

3.2 薰衣草精油提取工艺 11

3.2.1 料液比对薰衣草精油含量影响 11

3.2.2 温度对薰衣草精油含量影响 12

3.2.3 提取时间对薰衣草精油含量影响 12

3.3 薰衣草精油提取工艺优化 13

3.3.1 响应曲面实验设计与结果 13

3.3.2 模型建立与方差分析 14

3.3.3 响应面优化分析 14

第四章 结论与展望 17

4.1 结论 17

4.2 展望 17

参考文献 18

致 谢 20

第一章 概述

1.1 薰衣草分布及用途

薰衣草为唇形科薰衣草属的多年生亚灌木植物。全属约有28种^[1]，主要分布在地中海沿岸和阿尔卑斯山南麓，法国、意大利和西班牙等国家资源较为丰富，北非和印度也有分布，我国仅栽培2种。我国引种薰衣草的时间比较晚，1963年由原轻工部组织北京植物园首次承担了引进试种，最初在我国上海、北京、云南、陕西、河南及新疆等地进行多年的试种及栽培。由于新疆伊犁地理条件及气候条件与著名的薰衣草种植地法国南部山区特别相近，都属于湿润大陆性中温带气候，夏季热少酷暑，冬季冷，少严寒且四季分明，因此新疆伊犁地区适合种植薰衣草，而且种出来的薰衣草的香气品种也好，所以在我国新疆伊犁进行了大面积种植。

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