论文总字数：23478字

摘 要

能源是在自然界中提供或可转化为能量的物质，在人类社会的生产生活中直接或通过转化提供动力与能量，是人民生活的重要保障与物质基础。随着世界经济的高速发展，能源的需求量也不断增长。其中，石油行业至今仍是世界上最大的能源消耗行业，占全球工业总能耗的30%。炼油企业作为能耗大户，其中的常减压装置的能耗占炼油厂总能耗的20%-30%。因此对常减压装置进行节能设计，优化换热网络，提高能源回收利用率，降低冷热公用工程用量，对提高炼油厂的总能源利用率，增强企业竞争力，维持我国经济有效率地发展有着较为重大的影响。

本文根据某石油化工厂常减压蒸馏装置的实际现场运行参数及原有设计资料，首先利用化工原理、热力学等基础原理全面分析装置中的换热网络、塔设备的用能情况。然后运用Aspen Energy Analyzer模拟软件对换热网络进行分析，以年最小公用工程费用为目标，通过冷热组合曲线确定夹点位置及夹点温度，找出换热网络中的“瓶颈”。分析发现换热网络存在低温余热未回收，加热炉负荷大，原油换热终温过低的问题。最终，在夹点技术的应用下，提升了原油的换热终温，减轻了加热炉的热负荷，优化效果可见较好。

关键词：夹点技术 换热网络 常减压蒸馏 能耗分析

Heat Exchanger Optimization of Atmospheric Vacuum Distillation Process

Abstract

Energy is a substance that is providing or can be converted into energy in the nature. It is an important guarantee and material basis for people’s lives to provide power and energy directly or through transformation in the production and life of human society. With the rapid development of the world economy, the demand for energy has also continued to grow. Among them, the oil industry is still the world's largest energy consumption industry, accounting for 30% of the total industrial energy consumption in the world. Refining companies, as large energy consumers, consume between 20% and 30% of the total energy consumption of refineries. Therefore, the energy-saving design of atmospheric and vacuum installations, optimization of heat exchange networks, improvement of energy recovery and utilization, reduction of the use of hot and cold utilities has a more significant impact on increase the total energy efficiency of refineries, enhancement the competitiveness of enterprises, and maintaining development effectivly of our economy..

This paper comprehensively analyze the heat exchange network in the plant by the principles of thermodynamics and chemical engineering based on the actual on-site operating parameters and original design of an atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit of a petrochemical plant firstly. Then, the heat exchanger network was analyzed by Aspen Energy Analyser simulation software. With the goal of the minimum annual utility project cost, the pinch location and pinch point temperature was determined through the hot and cold combination curve, and the “bottleneck” of exchanger network was found out. It found that there is several problems in heat exchanger net work, such as no recovery of low temperature waste heat, large heat furnace load and low crude oil heat transfer temperature. Finally, according to the design criteria of the pinch design method, the heat exchanger network of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation units is optimized, and the final temperature of the crude oil heat exchange was improved.

Key words: Atmospheric and vacuum distillation; Heat exchanger network; Pinch technology; Energy consumption analysis

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景 1

1.2节能技术 1

1.2.1节能的含义 1

1.2.2常减压装置节能措施 1

1.3流程模拟软件 2

1.4换热网络及其调优方法 2

1.4.1换热网络的含义 2

1.4.2数学规划法 3

1.4.3基于不同求解策略的优化算法 3

1.4.4热力学分析方法 4

1.5夹点技术 4

1.5.1温-焓图 4

1.5.2冷热物流组合曲线 5

1.5.3夹点技术原理 5

1.5.4夹点设计准则 7

1.5.5利用夹点技术法调优换热网络设计 7

1.6本课题研究的主要目的、意义及内容 8

第二章 常减压蒸馏装置过程的概述 9

2.1常减压蒸馏过程描述 9

2.1.1项目概述 9

2.1.2常减压蒸馏工艺 9

2.2原换热网络流程描述 10

2.3蒸馏过程的数据 13

2.3.1原油物性 13

2.3.2换热网络热量回收利用情况 14

第三章 换热网络分析与优化 18

3.1换热网络分析 18

3.1.1换热网络热量回收利用情况分析 18

3.1.2换热网络问题分析 19

3.2换热网络调优原则 20

3.2.1热源选择原则 20

3.2.2换热流程基本原则 20

3. 3换热网络调优方案 21

3.3.1换热网络夹点确定 21

3.3.2装置改造方案 23

3.3.3换热网络调优结果 27

第四章 总结 29

参考文献 30

致 谢 32

第一章 绪论

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