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毕业论文网 > 毕业论文 > 海洋工程类 > 船舶与海洋工程 > 正文

风力机结构的简化振动分析毕业论文

 2021-11-05 07:11  

摘 要

随着石油等不可再生能源的大量消耗,给自然环境造成了严重威胁,开发利用可再生能源已得到国际社会的广泛关注。风能作为可再生的清洁能源,不仅不会对自然环境带来威胁,并且有着储量大、分布广、可再生等发展优势,具有规模化开发利用的价值。风力发电机是一种能将风能转换为电能的动力机械。风力机主要由叶片、转子和塔架等几部分组成,其工作原理是:利用自然风力带动风车的叶片旋转,再通过增速器将旋转产生的速度提升,促使发电机发电。风力机受到的载荷相当复杂,转子叶片的旋转会产生激振力,外界中有时刻变化着的风载荷,安装在近海中的风力机还会受到海浪载荷的作用。在风力机整个结构中,基础承担着整个风力发电机的重量,还会与土壤发生复杂的相互作用。面对如此复杂的外部环境,风力机结构的安全性和稳定性研究显得尤为重要。

本文分析了国内外风力机结构振动的研究现状,并根据风力机的结构特性,将其简化为顶部布置有转子叶片组件的细长柱模型。采用均匀Rayleigh梁理论模拟细长柱,采用与细长柱刚性连接、具有转动惯量的集中质量模拟转子叶片组件,采用转子叶片组件的重量模拟细长柱受到的轴向力,采用线性平动弹簧和转动弹簧来模拟土壤–结构的相互作用。对风力机简化模型的振动特性进行了研究,分析了轴向力和弹簧刚度对风力机简化模型的振动特性的影响。主要研究工作如下:

1.采用Rayleigh梁理论推导了风力机简化模型的偏微分运动方程和四个边界条件,利用分离变量法推导了解析的频率方程,利用matlab软件编写程序求解该频率方程,得到了风力机简化模型的基频和模态,并分析了轴向力、转动弹簧刚度和平动弹簧刚度对简化模型的基频和模态的影响。

2. 用一个具有等效刚度和等效质量的单自由度模型来等效风力机简化模型,确定了刚度修正因子和质量修正因子的解析表达式,得到了单自由度模型的固有频率,研究了轴向力、转动弹簧刚度和平动弹簧刚度对单自由度模型的固有频率的影响。

3. 采用ABAQUS有限元软件计算了风力机简化模型的振动特性,并将有限元结果同简化模型和单自由度模型的解析结果进行了比较,验证了结果的准确性和可靠性。

关键词:风力机;简化模型;固有频率;轴向力;单自由度模型

Abstract

With the massive consumption of oil and other non-renewable energy, it has posed a serious threat to the natural environment, and the development and utilization of renewable energy has been widely concerned by the international community. As a renewable clean energy, wind energy not only does not pose a threat to the natural environment, but also has large reserves, wide distribution, renewable and other development advantages, and has the value of large-scale development and utilization. Wind turbine is a kind of power machinery which can convert wind energy into electric energy. The wind turbine is mainly composed of blades, rotors and towers, its working principle is: the use of natural wind force to drive the blade rotation of the windmill, and then through the speed booster to increase the speed produced by rotation, to promote the generator to generate electricity. The load on the wind turbine is very complex, the rotation of the rotor blade will produce exciting force, there is a constantly changing wind load in the outside world, and the wind turbine installed in the offshore will also be affected by the wave load. In the whole structure of wind turbine, the foundation bears the weight of the whole wind turbine and has complex interaction with soil. In the face of such a complex external environment, the research on the safety and stability of wind turbine structure is particularly important.

In this paper, the research status of structural vibration of wind turbine at home and abroad is analyzed and introduced, and according to the structural characteristics of wind turbine, it is simplified to a slender column model with rotor blade assembly at the top. The uniform Rayleigh beam theory is used to simulate the slender column, the concentrated mass with moment of inertia and rigid connection to the slender column is used to simulate the rotor blade assembly, the weight of the rotor blade assembly is used to simulate the axial force on the slender column, and the linear translational spring and rotational spring are used to simulate the soil-structure interaction. The vibration characteristics of the simplified model of wind turbine are studied, and the effects of axial force and spring stiffness at the bottom on the vibration characteristics of the simplified model are analyzed. The main research work is as follows:

1.Using Rayleigh beam, the partial differential motion equation and four boundary conditions of the simplified model of wind turbine are derived, and the frequency equation is obtained. The frequency equation is solved by matlab software, and the fundamental frequency and mode of the model are obtained. The effects of axial force, rotating spring stiffness and translational spring stiffness on the fundamental frequency and mode of the simplified model are analyzed.

2. With a single degree of freedom system having equivalent stiffness and the equivalent mass of the wind turbine equivalent simplified model, the stiffness correction factor is determined and the mass correction factor analytic expression, determined natural frequency of the single degree of freedom model to study parameters impact on the natural frequency.

3. Taking ABAQUS finite element software as the analysis platform, the vibration characteristics of the simplified model of wind turbine are calculated, and the calculated results are compared with the previous two results to verify the reliability of the results.

Key Words:Wind turbine; Simplified model; Natural frequency; Axial force; Single-degree-of-freedom model

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 本文主要研究内容 3

第2章 运动方程和边界条件的建立 4

2.1 简化模型的建立 4

2.2 运动方程和边界条件 5

2.3 运动方程和边界条件的无量纲化 6

第3章 基于简化模型的风力机结构的振动特性分析 8

3.1 频率方程的推导 8

3.2 频率方程的数值求解 10

3.3 数值结果与分析 11

3.3.1 轴向力对基频和模态的影响 11

3.3.2 转动弹簧刚度对基频和模态的影响 13

3.3.3 平动弹簧刚度对基频和模态的影响 14

第4章 基于单自由度模型的风力机结构的振动特性分析 16

4.1 单自由度系统的建立 16

4.2 刚度修正因子的确定 17

4.3 质量修正因子的确定 19

4.4 数值结果及分析 20

4.4.1 轴向力对单自由度系统固有频率的影响 20

4.4.2 转动弹簧刚度对单自由度系统固有频率的影响 21

4.4.3 平动弹簧刚度对单自由度系统的固有频率的影响 22

第5章 风力机结构的振动特性的有限元分析 23

5.1 有限元法简介 23

5.2 风力机结构振动的有限元分析 23

5.3 由三种方法得到的固有频率的比较 25

第6章 结论与展望 27

6.1 结论 27

6.2 展望 27

参考文献 29

致 谢 31

绪论

研究背景及意义

随着石油等不可再生能源的大量消耗,给自然环境造成了严重威胁,在常规能源面临短缺和自然生态环境严重恶化的双重压力之下,能源和环境已经成为了限制人类生存和发展的关键问题之一。调整能源结构,发展新型能源,走可持续发展道路已经成为了应对环境挑战的必然选择。

风能作为清洁的自然能源,不会对自然环境造成污染,并且有着储量大、分布广、可再生等优势,具有规模化开发利用的价值。在众多的新能源中,风能以其巨大的优势和发展潜力受到世界各国的青睐,成为全球关注的重点能源。

我国风能资源储藏量巨大,风能分布范围广泛。其中,风能资源较丰富的地区主要集中于西北、东北、华北、青藏高原的北部以及山东半岛的沿海地区。据中国气象学会统计数据,中国地面的风能储藏量为32.26亿千瓦,其中10米级可开发的风能储量约为2.53亿千瓦,而海上风能资源大约是陆上资源的三倍。因此,发展风力发电行业具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。在我国新能源体系中,风力发电的占比不断增大,如何能节约成本同时保障风力机正常运行成为风力机进一步发展的研究重点。风力机受到诸多因素的影响,在实际运转过程中,会出现振动继而产生噪音。因此,在大力开发风电资源的过程中,必须要加强振动控制及其减振方法的分析。

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