论文总字数：16405字

摘 要

汽车工业的迅速发展使得人们更加重视汽车的研究。现在在马路上一眼看过去全是私家车，汽车早就成为了主要的交通工具。而在汽车驾驶过程中会存在各种各样的问题需要解决，如突然遇到障碍物驾驶员来不及刹车，遇到紧急情况是驾驶员无法正常控制汽车等等。在这些情况下，为了提高汽车的安全性，可以将智能化应用于小车的驾驶中，来达到安全的目的。

根据人们驾车需求，本文用单片机智能小车来代替小汽车进行研究，设计了小车系统，用单片机作为控制芯片，蓝牙模块传输指令，红外模块采集障碍物信息，传送到单片机进行判断处理蓝牙信息和障碍物信息。单片机根据传输的信息来给驱动模块输入端输入对应电平，驱动模块输出端输出对应高低电平情况来控制电机正反转实现小车的前后左右行驶。本设计分为自动驾驶模式和手动控制模式，两种模式下小车都能进行合理避障。手动模式下用手机通过蓝牙控制小车行驶，遇到障碍物则该侧按键失灵。自动模式下小车直行，遇到障碍物自动转弯避开障碍物继续行驶。

经过软硬件的综合调试，本次设计最终实现了小车蓝牙控制行驶以及自动行驶模式，并且在两种模式下，小车都能采集障碍物信息并且做出相应举动避免撞到障碍物。自动驾驶时，小车向障碍物的反方向转弯后直行；手动驾驶时，有障碍物方向按键失灵。

关键词：小车 红外传感器 蓝牙模块

Design of Intelligent Car System Based on 52 Single Chip Computer

Abstract

The fast development of the automobile industry makes people value the research of automobiles more. Today, almost every household has a car, and the car has become the main tool for transportation. There are various problems that need to be solved in car driving, such as the driver who suddenly encounters an obstacle is too late to brake, and the driver cannot control the car normally in an emergency. In these cases, in order to improve the safety of the car, intelligence can be applied to the driving of the car to achieve the purpose of safety.

According to people's driving needs, this article uses a single-chip smart car instead of a car for research, designing a smart car system, using STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as a control chip, Bluetooth module to transmit instructions, infrared module to collect obstacle information, sent to the single-chip microcomputer for judgment and processing and obstacle information. The single chip microcomputer controls the driving module according to the transmitted information to control the motor to rotate forward and backward to realize the front, back, left and right driving of the car. This design is divided into automatic driving mode and manual control mode, in which the car can reasonably avoid obstacles. In the manual mode, the mobile phone is used to control the driving of the car via Bluetooth, and when the obstacle is encountered, the button on the side fails. In the automatic mode, the car travels straight. When encountering an obstacle, it automatically turns and avoids the obstacle to continue driving.

After a overall debugging of software and hardware, the Bluetooth control driving and automatic driving mode of the car is ultimately realized. In both modes, the car can collect obstacle information and make corresponding actions to avoid hitting the obstacle. In automatic driving, the car turns straight after turning in the opposite direction of the obstacle; when driving manually, the button in the direction of the obstacle fails.

Keywords: car;infrared sensor;Bluetooth module;

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的意义和背景 1

1.2设计思想及基本功能 1

1.3 本章小结 2

2.1 蓝牙小车的总体框图 3

2.2 不同模块的方案设计 3

2.3 本章小结 5

3.1 STC89C52单片机最小系统 6

3.2电机驱动模块电路设计 8

3.3避障模块电路设计 9

3.3 本章小结 10

第四章 智能小车的软件设计 11

4.1 软件设计思路 11

4.2主函数流程图 12

4.3程序设计 14

4.4 本章小结 18

第五章 调试与结果 19

5.1各模块功能调试 19

5.2实验结果 27

5.3 问题及解决方式 27

5.4 本章小结 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

第一章 绪论

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