论文总字数：28764字

摘 要

纳米透明隔热涂料在建筑玻璃、汽车、飞机、火车等交通工具的视窗和灯管的外壁和空调等设备的视窗等方面的节能中具有广泛应用前景。以ZAO为基体的纳米透明隔热涂料因其绿色环保、来源丰富等特点已得到越来越多的关注。本文研究了纳米ZAO粉体的制备，纳米ZAO粉体在乙醇中的分散，以及ZAO粉体对纳米透明隔热涂料各项性能的影响，并推荐出较优的工艺，为纳米ZAO透明隔热涂料的研究和应用提供实验基础。

采用化学共沉淀法，以ZnSO4和Al₂(SO4)₃为原料，以碳酸铵为沉淀剂制备了纳米ZAO粉体。研究表明，原位分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠，反应pH值为8，铝掺量5wt.%，前驱体的煅烧温度为600℃的较优实验条件下，制备的纳米ZAO粉体性能最优，呈球形，粒径分布较窄，一次颗粒平均粒径为14nm。

采用超声振荡、添加分散剂的方法研究了ZAO粉体在乙醇中的分散，确定较优分散工艺为在乙醇中添加ZAO粉体质量分数6wt.%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮超声40min。

将分散均匀的纳米ZAO浆料通过共混法与聚氨酯树脂进行搅拌混合，添加消泡剂、流平剂等助剂，制备了纳米ZAO透明隔热涂料，研究了不同纳米粉体固含量和不同浆料/树脂质量比对涂层力学性能的影响。结果表明，当纳米ZAO粉体添加量为8 wt.%，隔热浆料与树脂质量比为4/6时，涂料的各项性能最佳。将制备的涂料用线棒涂布器均匀涂覆于玻璃基板，室温干燥固化后进行透光性和隔热性能的测试，该透明隔热涂层具有优异的透光性和隔热效果，对可见光的透过率达到65 %以上，采用自制的隔热效果测试箱测得室内降温效果可达10 ℃ 左右 。

关键词 纳米透明隔热涂料 ZAO粉体 制备 分散 性能

ABSTRACT

Nanometer transparent insulation coating because of it is energy saving has broad application prospects in terms of architectural , cars, planes, trains and other transport windows as well the outer wall of the lamp and the window air conditioning equipment, etc. The nanometer transparent insulation coating with matrix of ZAO has been more and more attention for its environmental protection and the cource rich enough. This paper studied the preparation and the dispersion in ethanol of ZAO nano powders. Then studied the ZAO nano powders how to affect the performance of nanometer transparent insulation coating. Finally recommending a better process which was in order to provide experimental basis for research and development and practical application of high-performance nanometer transparent insulation coating.

The ZAO powders were prepared by coprecipitation method using ZnSO₄ and Al₂(SO4)₃ as source material, using ammonium carbonate as precipitating agent. The results showed that the situ dispersant was SDBS, the pH value was 8, the amount of aluminum-doped was 5wt.%, and the calcination temperature of ZAO precursor was 600℃. ZAO nano-powders prepared under the optimal conditions was optimal and spherical, having narrow size distribution and the average particle was 14 nm.

Ultrasonic oscillation and adding the dispersant were used to research the dispersion for ZAO powders in ethanol. The results showed that the best dispersion process for ZAO powders is adding PVP which accounts for 8wt.% of ZAO and the best ultrasound time is 40min.

Uniformly dispersed nano ZAO slurry and polyurethane resin were mixed by blending, then defoamers and leveling agent were added into the prepared mixture solution, finally the nano ZAO transparent insulation coating was successfully prepared. The effect of different nano powders solid content and slurry/resin mass ratio on the mechanical properties of the coating was investigated. The experimental results showed that the best optimal addition were nano ZAO powders dosage of 8wt%, insulation slurry and resin mass ratio of 4/6. Prepared uniformly coating was smeared on a glass substrate with wire bar coater. The transmission and thermal insulation performance of the coating were tested after it dried and cured at room temperature. The results indicated that the transparent insulation coating had excellent light transmittance and heat insulating effect. The transmittance of visible light was up to more than 65 %, and the indoor cooling effect tested by homemade test box was up to about 10℃.

KEYWORDS: Nanometer transparent insulation coating; ZAO powders; Preparation；

Dispersion；Performance

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章　绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 纳米透明隔热涂料及其研究现状 2

1.2.1 纳米透明隔热涂料简介 2

1.2.2 纳米透明隔热涂料透明、隔热机理 2

1.2.3 纳米透明隔热涂料研究现状 3

1.3　ZAO的典型结构与性能 4

1.3.1　ZAO 的晶体结构 4

1.3.2　ZAO的性能 4

1.4　ZAO纳米粉体的制备方法 5

1.4.1 化学气相沉积法 5

1.4.2 水热法 5

1.4.3 沸腾回流法 6

1.4.4溶胶-凝胶法 6

1.4.5 化学沉淀法 6

1.5 纳米粉体的团聚及消除方法 7

1.5.1 团聚的产生机理 7

1.5.2 团聚的消除方法 7

1.5.2.1 有机物洗涤 7

1.5.2.2 共沸蒸馏 8

1.5.2.3 冷冻干燥 8

1.5.2.4 超临界干燥法 8

1.6　本章小结 8

第二章 研究目的、内容及方法 10

2.1 研究目的 10

2.2 研究内容 10

2.3 ZAO纳米透明隔热涂料的制备及表征 10

2.3.1 ZAO粉体的制备方法 10

2.3.2 纳米ZAO粉体的表征 11

2.4 纳米ZAO粉体的分散 11

2.4.1 分散稳定性的研究方案 11

2.4.2 分散稳定性能评价方法 12

2.5　ZAO透明隔热涂料制备及性能检测 12

2.5.1 透明隔热涂料的制备 12

2.5.2 涂料性能检测 13

2.5.2.1 涂料及其涂层常规性能测试 13

2.5.2.2 透明隔热涂料的透光性测试 14

2.5.2.3 透明隔热涂料的隔热性能测试 14

2.6 实验试剂和仪器 15

第三章 纳米ZAO粉体的制备与表征 17

3.1 前言 17

3.2 原位分散剂的确定 17

3.3 pH值的确定 19

3.3.1 pH值对ZAO粉体形貌和粒径的影响 19

3.3.2 pH值对ZAO粉体晶体结构的影响 20

3.4 Al掺量的确定 22

3.5 煅烧温度的确定 24

3.5.1 前驱体的热分析 24

3.5.2煅烧温度的确定 25

3.6 本章小结 27

第四章 纳米ZAO粉体在乙醇中的分散 29

4.1 纳米ZAO粉在乙醇中的pH-Zeta电位图 29

4.2 不同分散剂最佳超声分散时间的确定 29

4.3 分散剂加入量的确定 30

4.4 本章小结 31

第五章 纳米ZAO透明隔热涂料制备及性能 32

5.1 前言 32

5.2 纳米ZAO浆料配比对涂料力学性能的影响 32

5.3 纳米ZAO固含量对涂料力学性能的影响 33

5.4 纳米ZAO固含量对涂料耐介质性能的影响 33

5.5 涂层隔热性能测试 34

5.6 涂层的透光性能测试 35

5.7 本章小结 35

第六章 结 论 37

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