论文总字数：23987字

摘 要

酸雨和城市烟雾主要由大气污染物（如SO_x、NO_x和VOCs）产生，是世界上最严重的生态问题之一，因为它们导致陆地和水生生态系统发生不可逆转的变化。近年来，通过广泛应用现有的方法和开发新技术，人们已经作出了很大努力，以限制此类污染物的排放。

燃煤发电厂被认为是最大的氮氧化物（NO_x）排放源，约占总NO_x排放量的46%。NO_x通常由95%NO和5%NO₂的混合物组成，由于NO₂易溶于水，较容易去除，因此，脱除NO是脱除NO_x的主要问题。多孔陶瓷在当今的社会中已经广泛应用于烟气的过滤除尘处理环节中，但无法有效除去烟气当中的NO_X，而NO_x通常由95%NO和5%NO₂的混合物组成，由于NO₂易溶于水，交易去除，因此，脱除NO是脱除NO_x的主要问题。本课题为了改进多孔陶瓷过滤技术，针对窑炉尾气温度较高的特点，提出高温型过滤脱硝一体化材料的制备技术，将钒钛基催化剂负载到多孔纤维陶瓷过滤器上，在不大幅增大过滤阻力的前提下，以提高除尘脱硝效率为目的，做了一系列实验并得出结论。

本课题的主要研究内容包括：1.高温型过滤脱硝一体化材料制备工艺；2.测试所负载催化剂中V₂O₅/MoO₃质量比对脱硝效率的影响，最终确定V₂O₅/MoO₃的最佳质量比为2；3.测试多孔陶瓷的过滤阻力；4.测试了干燥温度对样品的过滤阻力的影响，得出最佳干燥方式为采用20℃室温干燥过夜后，再放入105℃烘箱干燥；5.测试了H₂O、SO₂对脱硝效率的影响，得出样品对H₂O、SO₂具有良好的耐受性。

关键词：多孔陶瓷 高温脱硝除尘 选择性催化还原 钒钛基催化剂

Preparation of High Temperature Filtration Denitrification Integrated Material

Abstract

Acid rain and urban smog are mainly produced by atmospheric pollutants (such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds), which are one of the most serious ecological problems in the world, because they lead to irreversible changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, great efforts have been made to limit the emission of such pollutants by widely applying existing methods and developing new technologies.

Coal-fired power plants are considered to be the largest source of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions, accounting for about 46% of total NO_x emissions. NO_x usually consists of a mixture of 95% NO and 5% NO₂. Because NO₂ is soluble in water and easy to remove, the removal of NO is the main problem of NO_x removal. Porous ceramics have been widely used in the filtration and dust removal process of flue gas in today's society, but it can not effectively remove NOX from flue gas. NO_x usually consists of a mixture of 95% NO and 5% NO₂. Because NO2 is easily soluble in water and traded for removal, NO removal is the main problem of NO removal. In order to improve the filtration technology of porous ceramics, aiming at the characteristics of high temperature at the kiln tail, the preparation technology of high temperature integrated material for filtration and denitrification was put forward. The vanadium-titanium based catalyst was loaded on the porous fiber ceramic filter, and a series of experiments were carried out to improve the efficiency of dust removal and denitrification without greatly increasing the filtration resistance.

The main research contents of this subject include: 1. The preparation process of high temperature filtration and denitrification integrated materials; 2. Testing the influence of V₂O₅/MoO₃ mass ratio on denitrification efficiency of supported catalysts, and finally determining the optimal mass ratio of V₂O₅/MoO₃ to 2; 3. Testing the filtration resistance of porous ceramics; 4. testing the influence of drying temperature on the filtration resistance of samples, and the best drying method is 20℃. After overnight drying at room temperature, the samples were dried in an oven at 105℃. 5. The effects of H₂O and SO₂ on the denitrification efficiency were tested, and the results showed that the samples had good tolerance to H₂O and SO₂.

Key Words: Porous ceramics; Denitrification and Dust Removal at High Temperature; Selective Catalytic Reduction; Vanadium-Titanium Based Catalysts

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2现代烟气脱硝技术 2

1.2.1选择性催化还原法（Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR） 2

1.2.2选择性非催化还原法（Selective Non-catalytic Reduction, SNCR） 3

1.3 SCR催化剂 3

1.4 钒钛基催化剂的影响因素 4

1.4.1烟气过滤速度 4

1.4.2NH₃/NO_x比和气体混合程度 4

1.4.3反应温度 5

1.4.4催化剂中毒 5

1.4.5氨逃逸 5

1.5除尘脱硝材料的研究进展 6

1.6研究目的及内容 7

1.6.1本课题研究目的 7

1.6.2本课题研究内容 7

第二章 原料与制备工艺 8

2.1实验原料 8

2.2实验设备 8

2.3材料的制备工艺 9

2.4材料性能测试 10

2.4.1脱硝效率 10

2.4.2过滤阻力 11

第三章 实验结果与数据分析 12

3.1催化剂中V₂O₅/MoO₃质量比对脱硝效率的影响 12

3.2样品的干燥温度对过滤阻力的影响 13

3.3催化剂负载量对脱硝效率的影响 14

3.4孔隙率与孔径分布 14

3.5 H₂O、SO₂对脱硝效率的影响 16

第四章 结论与展望 18

4.1 结论 18

4.2展望 18

参考文献 20

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1引言

近年来，空气污染是人类发展过程中所面临的的主要问题之一，特别是在人口密度大的城区和工业区，在消耗大量能源的同时，大量的有害气体和粉尘颗粒也被排放到大气中，严重影响了大气环境质量。

氮氧化物污染物（NO_x）的排放量随能源消耗和机动车保有量的增加而快速增长，NO_x污染问题十分严峻和突出，现有调查表明，NO_x是生成臭氧的重要物质之一，是城市大气颗粒物污染，特别是灰霾的根源之一，是造成大气酸沉降，加剧酸雨恶化的罪魁祸首之一，也是限制我国经济快速发展的关键因素之一。据计算，NO_x的年排放量正以每年10%的速率增长^[1]，2010年的排放量大约是2000年的两倍，预计到2020年将达到1870万吨^[2]。此外，燃煤发电厂被认为是最大的NO_x排放源，约占总NO_x排放量的46% ^[3]。

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