论文总字数：21345字

摘 要

复合磺酸钙基润滑脂是一类新型的具有多种功效的润滑脂，广泛用于机械、汽车、建筑等行业。为提高磺酸钙基润滑脂的摩擦学性能，从而提高设备使用寿命，并实现节能，本文提出向润滑脂中添加纳米SiO₂和超细MoS₂粉体来提升其摩擦学性能的思路。系统研究了纳米SiO₂的粒径、添加量及其与超细MoS₂粉体复配比例和载荷变化等对磺酸钙基脂摩擦学性能的影响，确定了超细复合粉体的最佳配比及添加量，初步探究了超细粉体作为润滑脂添加剂的作用机理。研究结果表明，纳米SiO₂的粒径和添加量均对磺酸钙基脂摩擦学性能有影响。当纳米SiO₂粉体粒径为15nm添加量为0.8wt%时，其抗磨减摩性最好。使用超细MoS₂粉体做相同试验，发现含0.6wt%1μm MoS₂的磺酸钙基润滑脂在实验中摩擦学性能最好。将两者复配后研究发现，纳米SiO₂与MoS₂粉体的复配能更好的改善磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能。当总加入量为0.8wt%，SiO₂与MoS₂的质量比为3:7时，其抗磨减摩效果最好，基础脂与之相比摩擦系数高53.64%；磨斑直径高27.08%。且其载荷使用范围也有所增加。通过扫描电镜和EDS对基础润滑脂及含纳米SiO₂与超细MoS₂粉体复配磺酸钙基润滑脂在294N下的磨斑形貌进行分析，发现了复合粉体中纳米SiO₂起到滚珠轴承的作用，超细粉体MoS₂起到填补沟壑的作用，两者复配产生协同作用，从而提高了磺酸钙基润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能。

关键词：磺酸钙基润滑脂；纳米SiO₂粉体；超细MoS₂粉体；制备；摩擦学性能；

Preparation of calcium sulfonate grease containing nano-SiO₂ and its tribological properties

Abstract

Composite calcium sulfonate grease is a new type of grease with various functions, widely used in machinery, automotive, construction and other industries. In order to improve the tribological properties of calcium sulfonate-based grease, thereby improving the service life of the equipment and achieving energy saving, this paper proposes the idea of ​​adding nano-SiO₂ and MoS₂ powders. The effects of nano-SiO₂ particle size, addition amount and MoS₂ compounding ratio and load change on the tribological properties of calcium sulfonate grease were systematically studied. The Optimum ratio and addition amount of superfine composite powders were determined. The mechanism of action of ultrafine powder as a grease additive was preliminarily investigated. The results shows that the particle size and addition amount of nano-SiO₂ have an effect on the tribological properties of calcium sulfonate. When the nano-SiO₂ powder has a particle diameter of 15 nm and the addition amount is 0.8% by weight, the antiwear and antifriction property is the best. Using the ultrafine MoS₂ powder for the same test, it is found that the calcium sulfonate-based grease containing 0.6 wt% of 1 μm MoS₂ has the best tribological properties in the test. After compounding the two, it is found that the compounding of nano-SiO₂ and MoS₂ powder can better improve the tribological properties of calcium sulfonate-based grease. When the addition amount is 0.8wt%, the mass ratio of SiO₂ to MoS₂ powder is 3:7, the anti-wear and anti-friction effect is the best, and the friction coefficient ratio of the grease is reduced by 53.64% compared with the base grease; The diameter is reduced by 27.08%. And it is conducive to broaden the scope of its load. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS were used to analyze the wear profile of basal grease and SiO₂ and MoS₂ compounded calcium sulfonate grease at 294N. It was found that nano-SiO₂ in the composite powder acts as a ball bearing, ultrafine powder. The body MoS₂ acts to fill the gully, and the combination of the two produces a synergistic effect, thereby improving the antiwear and antifriction performance of the calcium sulfonate-based grease.

KEY WORDS: Calcium sulfonate grease; Nano-SiO₂ particles; Ultrafine MoS₂ powder; preparation; Tribological properties;

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2 磺酸钙基润滑脂简介 1

1.3 磺酸钙基润滑脂性能及应用 3

1.4 磺酸钙基润滑脂的抗磨减摩机理 4

1.5 纳米SiO₂对润滑油、脂摩擦学性能的影响 4

第二章 研究内容及方法 6

2.1 研究内容 6

2.2 研究方法 6

2.2.1 试验材料 6

2.2.2 实验仪器 7

2.2.3 润滑脂摩擦磨损性能研究 7

第三章 实验结果及分析 10

3.1含纳米SiO₂粉体磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能研究 10

3.1.1纳米SiO₂粒径对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能影响 10

3.1.2纳米SiO₂添加量对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能影响 11

3.1.3载荷对含纳米SiO₂磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 12

3.2含超细MoS₂粉体磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能研究 13

3.2.1 MoS₂粉体粒径对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 13

3.2.2 MoS₂粉体添加量对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 14

3.2.3 载荷对含MoS₂粉体磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 14

3.3 纳米SiO₂与MoS₂复配对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 15

3.3.1 复配质量比对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 15

3.3.2复合粉体总添加量对磺酸钙基润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响 19

3.3.3载荷对含复合粉体磺酸钙脂摩擦学性能的影响 20

3.4 超细粉体作为润滑脂添加剂的作用机理 21

第四章 结论与展望 25

4.1 结论 25

4.2 展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

复合磺酸钙基润滑脂是一类新型的具有多种功效的润滑脂，广泛用于机械、汽车、建筑等行业。但是，传统常用的润滑脂已无法满足现代生产部门对于润滑脂的高要求，因此加快研发高性能润滑脂显得尤为重要。

近年来，纳米科技飞速发展，纳米微粒已逐渐应用于各个领域，润滑脂添加剂使用纳米颗粒也逐渐成为一种趋势，与传统的润滑脂的减摩抗摩剂相比，纳米材料具有更好的极压性能、耐磨性和润滑性能，适用于在重载、低速、高温工况下工作 ^[1-2]。 Qiang He^[3]等人发现，在润滑脂中加入0.25wt%纳米铜时，钢球的摩擦系数和磨痕直径会到达最小。同时，纳米Cu的自我修复作用，还可以减少锂基润滑脂中轴承的振动加速度和温升，从而使轴承的转速范围得到扩大。Pei-Rong Wu^[4]等人对ZB/MoS₂纳米复合材料的摩擦学性能用四球试验机进行了研究，发现添加ZB/ MoS₂的润滑脂比基础润滑脂的减摩抗摩性以及极压性更好。因此，在润滑脂中添加纳米微粒，是目前提升润滑脂性能的一大方向。

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