论文总字数：14658字

摘 要

格网DEM是地理数据库中的重要组成成分和地形分析的基础数据,数据结构简单,应用算法众多。可视域分析是GIS空间分析的一项重点内容,通过考察区域内某点的可视范围、获取地形特征,主要问题是计算效率和结果评价。可视域分析的结果受DEM误差的影响明显，为了发现DEM误差对可视域结果的影响规律，使用误差相关性分析与模拟次数稳定性，获取可视域,并就误差因素，精度因素与次数因素进行研究分析。本实验使用ArcGIS为开发工具搭建窗口,选用合适的视点,进行分析并进行统计和比较,主要比较提取方法和精度,进行不确定性分析。

关键词：格网DEM 可视域 误差 不确定性 分析

Analysis DEM Uncertainty in Visual Field Extraction from Grid DeXian Li

Abstract

Grid DEM is an important component of geographic database and terrain analysis of basic data,with simple data structure.There are lots of algorithms and applications of it.Viewable analysis is one of GIS spatial analysis,by examining the visual norm of a point in an area to get the topographic feature.The main problem is the calculation efficiency and product evaluation.The results of the viewable analysis are obviously affected by the DEM error.In order to find the law of the influence of the DEM error on the viewable results,the viewshed can be obtained by using error correlation analysis and simulation times stability.Futher，study and analyse the error factor,precision factor and frequency factor.This experiment uses ArcGIS as the development tool to build windows.It selects appropriate viewpoints for analysis and carrys on the statistics and the comparison,mainly compares the computation time and the number of visible points used to analyze the uncertainty.

Key Words：gridDEM visible range error uncertainty analysis

目录

摘要.....................................................Ⅰ

Abstract.................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义................................................3

1.2国内外研究现状

1.2.1可视域分析方法现状........................................3

1.2.2不确定性分析方法现状......................................3

1.3研究内容

1.3.1 研究内容简介.............................................4

1.3.2研究内容说明..............................................4

1.4论文结构......................................................4

第二章 理论基础

2.1可视域分析方法................................................6

2.2不确定性分析方法

2.2.1理论建模方法（如模糊理论、证据理论）......................6

2.2.2随机模拟方法..............................................7

2.3 DEM可视域分析不确定性影响因素

2.3.1 DEM数据表达..............................................7

2.3.2可视域分析算法............................................8

第三章 实验方案设计

3.1样区选择......................................................9

3.2数据预处理方案................................................9

3.3 DEM误差生成方案.............................................10

3.4随机模拟流程.................................................11

3.5不确定影响指标...............................................11

第四章 可视域提取不确定性分析

4.1 DEM误差影响分析.............................................13

4.2 DEM尺度影响分析............................................14

4.3模拟次数影响分析

4.3.1可视域边界误差............................................15

4.3.2模拟次数影响分析（模拟次数稳定性）........................15

第五章 总结与展望

5.1总结........................................................17

5.2展望........................................................17

参考文献................................................19

致谢....................................................20

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