1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述）

The purpose of this paper is to deeply analyze the ecological thoughts in Gary Snyder's poetry and to explore the Chinese elements in his thoughts. To discuss the influence of Chinese culture on Snyder's ecological poetics as well as his works from a microscopic perspective. The significance of this research is enabling readers to have a clearer understanding of Snyder's ecological thoughts. Starting with the original perspective of Chinese elements in Snyder's poetry, assisting readers in intuitively feeling the impact of Chinese culture on Gary Snyder’s ecological view. This research has practical significance for cross-cultural research and ecological environmental protection.

Analysis of the status quo: Gary Snyder is a poet laureate in deep ecology. Snyder's poetry is increasingly concerned by Chinese scholars and foreign scholars. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, Chinese scholars are interested in the views in his poems influenced by traditional Chinese culture. Secondly, American scholars have a keen interest in the ecological connotations and postmodern artistic techniques contained in his poems. Thirdly, the increasingly prosperous cross-cultural communication has enabled Chinese and foreign scholars to learn from each other. Foreign scholars have studied Snyder's ecological thoughts earlier than domestic scholars. American eco-literary criticism emerged in the context of the growing global environmental crisis in the 1990s. Until the 21st century, domestic scholars began to study Snyder from the perspective of ecological literary criticism. Domestic scholars mostly studied the influence of Chinese culture on Snyder's poetry and the comparison between Schneider and the Tang Dynasty poet Han Shan. Foreign scholars mainly study Snyder's poetics from the perspective of ecological criticism and postmodernism. With the prevalence of economic and cultural globalization, the east-west cultural exchange has become increasingly frequent. Chinese and foreign scholars study Snyder with different emphasis and also learn from each other. Most of the domestic and foreign researches are based on the general introduction of Snyder's ecological thoughts. The author will explore the Chinese elements in Snyder's ecological thoughts from the microscopic perspective.

2. 研究的基本内容与方案

snyder's poetry blends eastern traditional culture with western ideological consciousness and makes a great contribution to the exchange of eastern and western cultures. his works are influenced by chinese culture, japanese culture, indian culture, western culture as well as local culture. snyder's view of poetics is a holism of poetics. whether it is the theme, the form, the grammar, the language, or the cultural view all come from nature, not from human society. he closely links ecology to literary creation.

the unique life experience, the influence of eastern and western cultures and the background of the times gave birth to the formation of snyder's ecological thoughts. the chinese elements in snyder's poems mainly include: chinese zen philosophy, taoism, confucianism, classical chinese poetry and chinese landscape painting. the chinese elements revealed in snyder's ecological thoughts can mainly be analyzed from two aspects, namely the expression of ideas and the expression of language. snyder got acquainted with chinese culture through chinese landscape painting. at the age of eleven or twelve, he saw a chinese landscape painting in the chinese museum of the seattle art museum. he was shocked by the painting and obsessed with it, and since then he has paid homage to chinese culture. snyder's collection of poems, mountains and rivers without end was named after the song dynasty landscape painting endless mountain stream. the tolerant and harmonious relationship between man and nature shown in chinese landscape paintings has a great influence on his ecological thought. zen, confucianism and taoism influence his worldview, cognitive style and mode of thinking. classical chinese poetry has the characteristics of simplicity and subtlety, which influence the expression of his poetry. especially the poems of han shan, tao yuanming and xie lingyun have a profound influence on it.

this paper aims to find out the ecological thoughts that embody chinese elements in snyder's poems. the author based on reading and appreciating snyder's works, through literature consulting, rational thinking, reasonable reasoning, summarizing and contrasting the researches of snyder between chinese and foreign scholars to unfold the study.

3. 研究计划与安排

before 20th january : settlement of the title

before 20th march: submission of the opening report

before 25th april : submission of the first draft

4. 参考文献（12篇以上）

[1]chen, yuehong. the fusion of ecological visions: human beings' relationship to nature in twentieth-century eastern and western thought and poetry[d]. dissertation abstracts international,2013.

[2]gary snyder’s bioregionalism:realization of ecological democracy through placeness[j].the new korean journal of english＆literature,2016.

[3]son, hyesook.subject, language, and representation: snyder’s poetics of emptiness[j]. journal of american studies,2016.